Storm overflow register · South West Water

Chagford sewage works: storm overflow spills 2025

Chagford sewage treatment works, run by South West Water, has 1 monitored storm overflow discharging to River Teign. In 2025 it recorded 40 spills totalling 336 hours, against 36 spills and 269 hours in 2024. By hours spilling, it ranks 207 of 334 South West Water works, where 1 spilled longest.

Every spill in 2025

Each blue mark is one spill, placed by when it started and sized by how long it lasted. Hover over a mark for the date and duration.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecChagford Wastewater…4 Jan 2025 19:36 GMT, 6.2 h5 Jan 2025 02:08 GMT, 90 min5 Jan 2025 03:39 GMT, 1 min5 Jan 2025 03:53 GMT, 88 min5 Jan 2025 06:05 GMT, 6 h5 Jan 2025 12:17 GMT, 1 min5 Jan 2025 12:18 GMT, 1 min5 Jan 2025 13:11 GMT, 1 min5 Jan 2025 13:12 GMT, 14 min5 Jan 2025 13:26 GMT, 1 min5 Jan 2025 13:27 GMT, 1 min5 Jan 2025 14:27 GMT, 27 min5 Jan 2025 15:17 GMT, 21 h6 Jan 2025 12:19 GMT, 8 min6 Jan 2025 12:27 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 12:32 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 12:33 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 12:34 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 12:35 GMT, 11 min6 Jan 2025 16:08 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 16:08 GMT, 63 min6 Jan 2025 17:12 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 17:12 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 17:13 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 17:14 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 19:05 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 19:06 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 19:07 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 19:08 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 19:08 GMT, 100 min6 Jan 2025 20:48 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:50 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:50 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:51 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:52 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:53 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:54 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:56 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:57 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:58 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:59 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:59 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 21:01 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 21:02 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 22:05 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 22:06 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 06:20 GMT, 91 min7 Jan 2025 07:51 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 08:19 GMT, 3.1 h7 Jan 2025 11:24 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 11:25 GMT, 1 min8 Jan 2025 12:32 GMT, 71 min8 Jan 2025 14:43 GMT, 15 min9 Jan 2025 13:34 GMT, 5 min9 Jan 2025 13:40 GMT, 1 min9 Jan 2025 14:41 GMT, 1 min24 Jan 2025 01:40 GMT, 5 h26 Jan 2025 09:53 GMT, 5 h26 Jan 2025 14:55 GMT, 1 min26 Jan 2025 15:12 GMT, 1 min26 Jan 2025 15:14 GMT, 1 min26 Jan 2025 15:15 GMT, 14 min26 Jan 2025 15:29 GMT, 1 min26 Jan 2025 19:00 GMT, 5.4 h27 Jan 2025 00:23 GMT, 1 min27 Jan 2025 06:07 GMT, 48 min27 Jan 2025 13:20 GMT, 42 min27 Jan 2025 14:02 GMT, 1 min27 Jan 2025 17:15 GMT, 1 min27 Jan 2025 17:15 GMT, 2.7 h27 Jan 2025 19:57 GMT, 1 min27 Jan 2025 23:10 GMT, 46 min28 Jan 2025 00:33 GMT, 57 min28 Jan 2025 02:04 GMT, 31 min28 Jan 2025 03:46 GMT, 6.6 h28 Jan 2025 10:56 GMT, 1 min28 Jan 2025 10:56 GMT, 53 min28 Jan 2025 12:35 GMT, 20 min28 Jan 2025 13:31 GMT, 4.9 h28 Jan 2025 18:27 GMT, 2 min28 Jan 2025 18:37 GMT, 119 min28 Jan 2025 20:36 GMT, 1 min28 Jan 2025 20:44 GMT, 7 min28 Jan 2025 20:51 GMT, 1 min28 Jan 2025 21:48 GMT, 20 min28 Jan 2025 22:25 GMT, 1 min28 Jan 2025 22:27 GMT, 15 min21 Feb 2025 11:55 GMT, 11 min23 Feb 2025 11:54 GMT, 3.4 h23 Feb 2025 17:08 GMT, 17 min23 Feb 2025 18:05 GMT, 4.8 h24 Feb 2025 07:04 GMT, 23 min24 Feb 2025 07:27 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 05:23 GMT, 12 min26 Feb 2025 05:35 GMT, 2 min26 Feb 2025 05:38 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 05:38 GMT, 2 min26 Feb 2025 05:40 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 05:42 GMT, 2 min26 Feb 2025 05:44 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 05:45 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 05:46 GMT, 2 min26 Feb 2025 05:48 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 06:10 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 06:11 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 06:12 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 06:12 GMT, 105 min26 Feb 2025 07:58 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 07:59 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 11:08 GMT, 1 min26 Feb 2025 11:09 GMT, 17 min26 Feb 2025 11:27 GMT, 1 min15 Apr 2025 15:50 GMT, 8 min15 Apr 2025 23:32 GMT, 1 min15 Apr 2025 23:33 GMT, 2 min15 Apr 2025 23:34 GMT, 2 min15 Apr 2025 23:37 GMT, 1 min15 Apr 2025 23:38 GMT, 1 min15 Apr 2025 23:38 GMT, 3.5 h16 Apr 2025 03:10 GMT, 1 min16 Apr 2025 03:20 GMT, 8 min18 Apr 2025 23:40 GMT, 1 min18 Apr 2025 23:40 GMT, 1 min18 Apr 2025 23:41 GMT, 1 min18 Apr 2025 23:42 GMT, 1 min19 Apr 2025 00:01 GMT, 18 min19 Apr 2025 00:32 GMT, 5 min12 Jun 2025 08:42 GMT, 11 min12 Jun 2025 09:54 GMT, 93 min13 Jun 2025 17:44 GMT, 5.5 h11 Nov 2025 17:56 GMT, 26 min11 Nov 2025 18:23 GMT, 4 min11 Nov 2025 18:41 GMT, 4 min11 Nov 2025 18:58 GMT, 63 min11 Nov 2025 20:01 GMT, 5 min12 Nov 2025 04:53 GMT, 56 min12 Nov 2025 05:53 GMT, 2 min13 Nov 2025 20:08 GMT, 84 min13 Nov 2025 21:32 GMT, 1 min13 Nov 2025 21:32 GMT, 1 min13 Nov 2025 21:34 GMT, 1 min13 Nov 2025 21:35 GMT, 3 min13 Nov 2025 21:39 GMT, 1 min13 Nov 2025 21:46 GMT, 1 min13 Nov 2025 21:46 GMT, 1 min13 Nov 2025 21:47 GMT, 1 min1 Dec 2025 14:07 GMT, 3.4 h1 Dec 2025 17:35 GMT, 4 min1 Dec 2025 19:58 GMT, 19 min5 Dec 2025 15:00 GMT, 104 min5 Dec 2025 16:49 GMT, 4 min8 Dec 2025 23:20 GMT, 19.6 h9 Dec 2025 18:59 GMT, 1 min9 Dec 2025 19:02 GMT, 84 min9 Dec 2025 20:27 GMT, 22 min9 Dec 2025 20:50 GMT, 1 min9 Dec 2025 20:51 GMT, 1 min9 Dec 2025 20:54 GMT, 23 min9 Dec 2025 21:21 GMT, 10 min9 Dec 2025 21:31 GMT, 1 min9 Dec 2025 21:35 GMT, 8 min9 Dec 2025 21:42 GMT, 1 min9 Dec 2025 21:43 GMT, 1 min9 Dec 2025 21:45 GMT, 12 min9 Dec 2025 22:02 GMT, 6 min9 Dec 2025 22:14 GMT, 8 min9 Dec 2025 22:30 GMT, 10 min9 Dec 2025 22:43 GMT, 4 min9 Dec 2025 22:56 GMT, 11 min9 Dec 2025 23:09 GMT, 7 min9 Dec 2025 23:24 GMT, 10 min9 Dec 2025 23:40 GMT, 24 min10 Dec 2025 00:05 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 00:10 GMT, 9 min10 Dec 2025 00:25 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 00:39 GMT, 5 min10 Dec 2025 00:54 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 01:07 GMT, 8 min10 Dec 2025 01:22 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 01:36 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 01:51 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 02:05 GMT, 3 min10 Dec 2025 02:21 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 02:49 GMT, 2 min10 Dec 2025 03:16 GMT, 64 min10 Dec 2025 04:25 GMT, 68 min10 Dec 2025 05:40 GMT, 3 min10 Dec 2025 05:54 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 06:09 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 06:24 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 06:54 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 07:25 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 07:38 GMT, 5 min10 Dec 2025 07:52 GMT, 2 min10 Dec 2025 08:06 GMT, 7 min10 Dec 2025 08:21 GMT, 2 min10 Dec 2025 08:34 GMT, 6 min10 Dec 2025 08:49 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 09:03 GMT, 7 min10 Dec 2025 09:18 GMT, 3 min10 Dec 2025 09:32 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 10:01 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 11:06 GMT, 2 min10 Dec 2025 13:45 GMT, 1 min10 Dec 2025 14:15 GMT, 30 min10 Dec 2025 14:47 GMT, 3 min10 Dec 2025 14:55 GMT, 3 min12 Dec 2025 00:41 GMT, 3.5 h12 Dec 2025 04:19 GMT, 97 min12 Dec 2025 06:01 GMT, 2 min12 Dec 2025 08:09 GMT, 4 min12 Dec 2025 08:26 GMT, 1 min12 Dec 2025 08:41 GMT, 6 min12 Dec 2025 08:56 GMT, 5 min12 Dec 2025 09:14 GMT, 2 min12 Dec 2025 09:31 GMT, 2 min12 Dec 2025 09:45 GMT, 6 min12 Dec 2025 10:02 GMT, 5 min12 Dec 2025 10:18 GMT, 4 min12 Dec 2025 10:34 GMT, 3 min12 Dec 2025 10:51 GMT, 3 min12 Dec 2025 11:07 GMT, 3 min12 Dec 2025 11:24 GMT, 3 min12 Dec 2025 12:15 GMT, 3 min12 Dec 2025 13:04 GMT, 4 min12 Dec 2025 13:36 GMT, 63 min12 Dec 2025 14:40 GMT, 7 min12 Dec 2025 14:51 GMT, 9 min12 Dec 2025 15:04 GMT, 5 min12 Dec 2025 15:19 GMT, 3 min12 Dec 2025 15:34 GMT, 1 min12 Dec 2025 15:52 GMT, 5 min12 Dec 2025 16:10 GMT, 5 min12 Dec 2025 16:27 GMT, 7 min12 Dec 2025 16:45 GMT, 17 min12 Dec 2025 17:02 GMT, 15 min12 Dec 2025 17:17 GMT, 1 min12 Dec 2025 17:19 GMT, 2.2 h12 Dec 2025 19:31 GMT, 1 min12 Dec 2025 19:32 GMT, 40 min12 Dec 2025 20:14 GMT, 9 min12 Dec 2025 20:23 GMT, 1 min12 Dec 2025 20:28 GMT, 9 min12 Dec 2025 20:43 GMT, 9 min12 Dec 2025 20:59 GMT, 7 min12 Dec 2025 21:13 GMT, 8 min12 Dec 2025 21:27 GMT, 7 min12 Dec 2025 21:42 GMT, 9 min12 Dec 2025 21:56 GMT, 7 min12 Dec 2025 22:12 GMT, 6 min12 Dec 2025 22:29 GMT, 5 min12 Dec 2025 22:44 GMT, 8 min12 Dec 2025 23:02 GMT, 5 min12 Dec 2025 23:18 GMT, 4 min12 Dec 2025 23:34 GMT, 4 min12 Dec 2025 23:49 GMT, 6 min13 Dec 2025 00:06 GMT, 4 min13 Dec 2025 07:49 GMT, 10 min13 Dec 2025 08:06 GMT, 7 min13 Dec 2025 08:24 GMT, 11 min13 Dec 2025 08:35 GMT, 1 min13 Dec 2025 08:40 GMT, 6.8 h13 Dec 2025 15:31 GMT, 1 min13 Dec 2025 15:32 GMT, 1 min13 Dec 2025 15:34 GMT, 4.5 h13 Dec 2025 20:05 GMT, 1 min13 Dec 2025 20:06 GMT, 12 min13 Dec 2025 20:25 GMT, 5 min13 Dec 2025 20:47 GMT, 3 min13 Dec 2025 21:12 GMT, 10 min13 Dec 2025 21:38 GMT, 7 min13 Dec 2025 21:59 GMT, 1 min13 Dec 2025 22:01 GMT, 6 min13 Dec 2025 22:18 GMT, 10 min13 Dec 2025 22:35 GMT, 50 min13 Dec 2025 23:27 GMT, 14 min13 Dec 2025 23:46 GMT, 13 min14 Dec 2025 00:04 GMT, 10 min14 Dec 2025 00:21 GMT, 5 min14 Dec 2025 00:38 GMT, 1 min14 Dec 2025 00:38 GMT, 1 min14 Dec 2025 00:40 GMT, 1 min14 Dec 2025 00:56 GMT, 1 min14 Dec 2025 01:27 GMT, 2 min14 Dec 2025 07:27 GMT, 1 min14 Dec 2025 07:29 GMT, 1 min14 Dec 2025 07:42 GMT, 5 min14 Dec 2025 08:01 GMT, 3 min14 Dec 2025 08:17 GMT, 2.6 h14 Dec 2025 19:22 GMT, 49 min14 Dec 2025 20:12 GMT, 4 min15 Dec 2025 07:28 GMT, 6.5 h15 Dec 2025 20:14 GMT, 24 min15 Dec 2025 20:56 GMT, 99 min16 Dec 2025 13:15 GMT, 11.2 h17 Dec 2025 00:28 GMT, 16 min17 Dec 2025 00:46 GMT, 16 min17 Dec 2025 01:06 GMT, 11 min17 Dec 2025 01:26 GMT, 16 min17 Dec 2025 01:44 GMT, 11 min17 Dec 2025 01:55 GMT, 1 min17 Dec 2025 02:04 GMT, 8 min17 Dec 2025 02:23 GMT, 12 min17 Dec 2025 02:42 GMT, 8 min17 Dec 2025 03:02 GMT, 13 min17 Dec 2025 03:21 GMT, 8 min17 Dec 2025 03:40 GMT, 8 min17 Dec 2025 03:58 GMT, 14 min17 Dec 2025 04:12 GMT, 1 min17 Dec 2025 04:16 GMT, 14 min17 Dec 2025 04:34 GMT, 24.1 h18 Dec 2025 04:43 GMT, 36 min18 Dec 2025 05:21 GMT, 52 min18 Dec 2025 06:20 GMT, 29.4 h19 Dec 2025 12:06 GMT, 73.2 h22 Dec 2025 13:20 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 13:26 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 13:26 GMT, 21 min22 Dec 2025 13:54 GMT, 16 min22 Dec 2025 14:22 GMT, 27 min22 Dec 2025 14:53 GMT, 11 min22 Dec 2025 15:13 GMT, 7 min22 Dec 2025 15:21 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 15:26 GMT, 14 min22 Dec 2025 15:41 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 16:03 GMT, 4 min22 Dec 2025 16:07 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 16:07 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 16:08 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 16:08 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 16:09 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 16:13 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 16:39 GMT, 8 min22 Dec 2025 17:20 GMT, 7 min22 Dec 2025 17:27 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 17:56 GMT, 57 min22 Dec 2025 19:02 GMT, 28 min22 Dec 2025 19:31 GMT, 21 min22 Dec 2025 19:52 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 19:52 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 19:53 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 20:00 GMT, 18 min22 Dec 2025 20:29 GMT, 12 min22 Dec 2025 20:57 GMT, 10 min22 Dec 2025 21:22 GMT, 15 min22 Dec 2025 21:48 GMT, 8 min22 Dec 2025 22:13 GMT, 22 min22 Dec 2025 22:38 GMT, 13 min22 Dec 2025 22:52 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 23:07 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 23:34 GMT, 1 min23 Dec 2025 04:21 GMT, 2.4 h23 Dec 2025 09:24 GMT, 21 min23 Dec 2025 09:47 GMT, 42 min23 Dec 2025 10:28 GMT, 1 min23 Dec 2025 10:39 GMT, 7 min23 Dec 2025 12:39 GMT, 14 min23 Dec 2025 13:04 GMT, 32 min

Hours spilling by month, 2025

0100200300Jan 2025: 84 hours spillingJanFeb 2025: 12 hours spillingFebMar 2025: 0.0 hours spillingMarApr 2025: 4.4 hours spillingAprMay 2025: 0.0 hours spillingMayJun 2025: 7.3 hours spillingJunJul 2025: 0.0 hours spillingJulAug 2025: 0.0 hours spillingAugSep 2025: 0.0 hours spillingSepOct 2025: 0.0 hours spillingOctNov 2025: 4.2 hours spillingNovDec 2025: 225 hours spillingDec
Hours, measured by the event duration monitor.

Longest single spills

Started (GMT)OverflowDuration
19 Dec 2025, 12:06Chagford Wastewater Treatment Works3.1 days
18 Dec 2025, 06:20Chagford Wastewater Treatment Works1.2 days
17 Dec 2025, 04:34Chagford Wastewater Treatment Works1.0 days
5 Jan 2025, 15:17Chagford Wastewater Treatment Works21.0 h
8 Dec 2025, 23:20Chagford Wastewater Treatment Works19.6 h

Estimated 2025 spill volume and pollution

Estimate, not a measurement. Monitors record how long an overflow spills, not how much. This calculator back-calculates a spill rate from the size of the works, using the Environment Agency's permit formulae, and multiplies it by published storm-sewage concentrations. How it works.

This works serves fewer than 2,000 people, or was not matched to a UWWTD report, so its size is not published. The population equivalent above is a placeholder of 1,000. Enter the population served if you know it.

Volume, central estimate5,759 m³range 2,294 – 14,458 m³
In litres5.8 millionrange 2.3 million – 14.5 million L
Olympic swimming pools2.3at 2,500 m³ each
Organic load, as people's raw sewage8,638person-days of untreated BOD

Assumed spill rate while spilling: 1.9 – 11.9 L/s (central 4.8 L/s), from a dry-weather flow of 1.9 L/s.

Pollutant releasedLowCentralHighConcentration used (low / typical / high)
BOD₅ (organic load) 92 kg518 kg2,892 kg 40 / 90 / 200 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range, Ellis & Jenkins 2005; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (both via botturi)
Suspended solids 241 kg2,448 kg10,424 kg 105 / 425 / 721 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (via botturi)
Ammonium-N 4.4 kg36 kg134 kg 1.9 / 6.3 / 9.3 mg/L
Low: Germany, Brombach 2005; typical/high: Paris range 3.3–9.3 midpoint and top, Gasperi 2012 (via botturi); no UK value found
Total phosphorus 2.8 kg15 kg78 kg 1.2 / 2.6 / 5.4 mg/L
Low/high: Paris, Gasperi 2012; typical: Slovakia (via botturi). UK figure of 10 mg/L treated as an outlier
E. coli 229.4 billion organisms5.8 trillion organisms144.6 trillion organisms 10,000 / 100,000 / 1.0 million per 100 mL
Median range at CSO and retention-tank outlets, Stott et al. 2018 (via botturi); typical = log midpoint

Low combines the low spill rate with low concentrations, and high combines high with high, so the true figure is very likely inside the range. Long spills become more diluted as they go on, so the central figure tends to overstate the load of long events. The calculator does not estimate the effect on the receiving water, which depends on river flow or tide at the time of the spill.

Chagford Wastewater Treatment Works

Storm tank at sewage works · discharges to River Teign

Spills 2025
40 (336 hours) · up 11% on 2024
Spills 2024
36 (269 hours)
Long-term average
52.8 spills a year (monitored since 2017)
Monitor uptime
100% of the year
High-spill reason (company)
Performance - SW Infiltration
Investigation
UWWTR investigation ongoing, Operational investigation ongoing
Improvement
No improvement action in reporting period
WFD catchment
Teign (Upper) (GB108046008550)
Outlet location
SX70078817 (OS grid reference) · View on Apple Maps
EA ID / permit
SBB00227 · SWWA 1137 · company name: CHAGFORD MAIN STW_SSO_CHAGFORD

How the estimate works

  1. Dry-weather flow (DWF) = population × water use per person × (1 + infiltration). Water use is 136.5 L per person per day, England's per-capita consumption for 2024–25 [EA]. Infiltration of groundwater into sewers is taken as 0–40% of that flow [Escritt, via HBF]. The Environment Agency defines DWF as PG + I + E [EA].
  2. Population. The size of each works comes from the load entering it as reported under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in population equivalents (1 p.e. = 60 g of BOD a day) [UWWTD]. We treat population equivalent as population. That overstates flow where trade effluent adds load, and no official source links the two. Works serving fewer than 2,000 p.e. are not reported, so their size has to be entered by hand.
  3. Low spill rate = DWF. This is the method used by Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), which they note likely underestimates storm loads [G&V].
  4. High spill rate = Formula A − flow to full treatment = (DWF + 1360P) − 3DWF. This is the largest flow the permit expects the storm tanks to handle before it passes on to treatment or overflows [EA]. The central rate is the geometric mean of the low and high rates.
  5. Volume = spill rate × hours spilling, with hours taken from the event duration monitor.
  6. Pollution = volume × published storm-sewage concentrations [Botturi et al.] [US EPA]. Organic load is also shown as person-days of untreated sewage at 60 g of BOD per person per day [UWWTD].

What this cannot tell you. It gives no real flow for any single spill, and no effect on the river or sea, which depends on the flow, tide and the other pressures on the water at the time. It gives no figure for spills from overflows on the sewer network, which serve catchments of unknown size. It is a way to put hours into rough physical terms, not a substitute for flow monitoring.

Sources

  1. EA: Water companies – environmental permits for storm overflows and emergency overflows
  2. EA: Water resources 2024 to 2025 – per capita consumption
  3. HBF: Foul sewer design – historic conventions (citing Escritt 1984 on infiltration)
  4. Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., doi:10.1039/D5EW00860C
  5. Botturi et al. (2021), Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51:1585 – CSO quality review, Table 2
  6. US EPA (2004) Report to Congress on CSOs and SSOs, chapter 4
  7. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, Article 2(6): 1 p.e. = 60 g BOD5/day
  8. Olympic-size swimming pool: 2,500 m³ at the nominal 2 m depth

← All South West Water works · Contains Environment Agency data licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Spill start and stop times: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. They are water-company data and have not been verified by the Environment Agency. Works size: EEA Waterbase UWWTD. How to read the data.