Storm overflow register · South West Water

Horns Cross sewage works: storm overflow spills 2025

Horns Cross sewage treatment works, run by South West Water, has 1 monitored storm overflow discharging to Tributary of River Yeo. In 2025 it recorded 230 spills totalling 2,035 hours, against 229 spills and 1,603 hours in 2024. By hours spilling, it ranks 35 of 334 South West Water works, where 1 spilled longest.

Every spill in 2025

Each blue mark is one spill, placed by when it started and sized by how long it lasted. Hover over a mark for the date and duration.

Hours spilling by month, 2025

Hours, measured by the event duration monitor.

Longest single spills

Started (GMT)	Overflow	Duration
12 Dec 2025, 19:40	Horns Cross Sewage Treatment Works	11.6 days
30 Nov 2025, 19:22	Horns Cross Sewage Treatment Works	8.7 days
12 Nov 2025, 12:54	Horns Cross Sewage Treatment Works	4.9 days
26 Jan 2025, 07:52	Horns Cross Sewage Treatment Works	4.5 days
1 Nov 2025, 12:35	Horns Cross Sewage Treatment Works	4.1 days

Estimated 2025 spill volume and pollution

Estimate, not a measurement. Monitors record how long an overflow spills, not how much. This calculator back-calculates a spill rate from the size of the works, using the Environment Agency's permit formulae, and multiplies it by published storm-sewage concentrations. How it works.

This works serves fewer than 2,000 people, or was not matched to a UWWTD report, so its size is not published. The population equivalent above is a placeholder of 1,000. Enter the population served if you know it.

Volume, central estimate34,875 m³range 13,892 - 87,556 m³

In litres34.9 millionrange 13.9 million - 87.6 million L

Olympic swimming pools14at 2,500 m³ each

Organic load, as people's raw sewage52,313person-days of untreated BOD

Assumed spill rate while spilling: 1.9 - 11.9 L/s (central 4.8 L/s), from a dry-weather flow of 1.9 L/s.

Pollutant released	Low	Central	High	Concentration used (low / typical / high)
BOD₅ (organic load)	556 kg	3,139 kg	17,511 kg	40 / 90 / 200 mg/L Low/high: Europe range, Ellis & Jenkins 2005; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (both via botturi)
Suspended solids	1,459 kg	14,822 kg	63,128 kg	105 / 425 / 721 mg/L Low/high: Europe range; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (via botturi)
Ammonium-N	26 kg	220 kg	814 kg	1.9 / 6.3 / 9.3 mg/L Low: Germany, Brombach 2005; typical/high: Paris range 3.3-9.3 midpoint and top, Gasperi 2012 (via botturi); no UK value found
Total phosphorus	17 kg	91 kg	473 kg	1.2 / 2.6 / 5.4 mg/L Low/high: Paris, Gasperi 2012; typical: Slovakia (via botturi). UK figure of 10 mg/L treated as an outlier
E. coli	1.4 trillion organisms	34.9 trillion organisms	875.6 trillion organisms	10,000 / 100,000 / 1.0 million per 100 mL Median range at CSO and retention-tank outlets, Stott et al. 2018 (via botturi); typical = log midpoint

Low combines the low spill rate with low concentrations, and high combines high with high, so the true figure is very likely inside the range. Long spills become more diluted as they go on, so the central figure tends to overstate the load of long events. The calculator does not estimate the effect on the receiving water, which depends on river flow or tide at the time of the spill.

Horns Cross Sewage Treatment Works

Inlet overflow at sewage works · discharges to Tributary of River Yeo

Spills 2025: 230 (2,035 hours) · no change on 2024
Spills 2024: 229 (1,603 hours)
Long-term average: 170.5 spills a year (monitored since 2022)
Monitor uptime: 100% of the year
High-spill reason (company): Performance - SW Infiltration
Investigation: Operational investigation completed
Improvement: Operational improvement ongoing
WFD catchment: Upper River Yeo (Bideford) (GB108050014470)
Outlet location: SS38852320 (OS grid reference) · View on Apple Maps
EA ID / permit: SBB00597 · 200403 · company name: HORNS CROSS STW_SO_HORNS CROSS

How the estimate works

Dry-weather flow (DWF) = population × water use per person × (1 + infiltration). Water use is 136.5 L per person per day, England's per-capita consumption for 2024-25 [EA]. Infiltration of groundwater into sewers is taken as 0-40% of that flow [Escritt, via HBF]. The Environment Agency defines DWF as PG + I + E [EA].
Population. The size of each works comes from the load entering it as reported under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in population equivalents (1 p.e. = 60 g of BOD a day) [UWWTD]. We treat population equivalent as population. That overstates flow where trade effluent adds load, and no official source links the two. Works serving fewer than 2,000 p.e. are not reported, so their size has to be entered by hand.
Low spill rate = DWF. This is the method used by Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), which they note likely underestimates storm loads [G&V].
High spill rate = Formula A − flow to full treatment = (DWF + 1360P) − 3DWF. This is the largest flow the permit expects the storm tanks to handle before it passes on to treatment or overflows [EA]. The central rate is the geometric mean of the low and high rates.
Volume = spill rate × hours spilling, with hours taken from the event duration monitor.
Pollution = volume × published storm-sewage concentrations [Botturi et al.] [US EPA]. Organic load is also shown as person-days of untreated sewage at 60 g of BOD per person per day [UWWTD].

What this cannot tell you. It gives no real flow for any single spill, and no effect on the river or sea, which depends on the flow, tide and the other pressures on the water at the time. It gives no figure for spills from overflows on the sewer network, which serve catchments of unknown size. It is a way to put hours into rough physical terms, not a substitute for flow monitoring.

Sources

← All South West Water works · Contains Environment Agency data licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Spill start and stop times: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. They are water-company data and have not been verified by the Environment Agency. Works size: EEA Waterbase UWWTD. How to read the data.