Storm overflow register · Yorkshire Water

Carleton sewage works: storm overflow spills 2025

Carleton sewage treatment works, run by Yorkshire Water, has 2 monitored storm overflows discharging to River Little Went. In 2025 they recorded 105 spills totalling 569 hours, against 115 spills and 646 hours in 2024. By hours spilling, it ranks 80 of 283 Yorkshire Water works, where 1 spilled longest.

Works size: 6,265 population equivalent (CARLETON STW, UWWTD 2018). Used for the spill volume estimate.

Every spill in 2025

Each blue mark is one spill, placed by when it started and sized by how long it lasted. Hover over a mark for the date and duration.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecCarleton No 2 STW1 Jan 2025 00:45 GMT, 20.8 h1 Jan 2025 21:45 GMT, 30 min1 Jan 2025 22:15 GMT, 15 min1 Jan 2025 22:30 GMT, 15 min1 Jan 2025 22:45 GMT, 15 min1 Jan 2025 23:00 GMT, 15 min1 Jan 2025 23:15 GMT, 15 min2 Jan 2025 00:15 GMT, 15 min2 Jan 2025 11:15 GMT, 15 min2 Jan 2025 11:45 GMT, 15 min2 Jan 2025 12:15 GMT, 15 min5 Jan 2025 12:30 GMT, 15 min5 Jan 2025 12:45 GMT, 15 min5 Jan 2025 13:00 GMT, 30 min5 Jan 2025 13:30 GMT, 49.3 h7 Jan 2025 14:45 GMT, 45 min7 Jan 2025 15:30 GMT, 30 min7 Jan 2025 16:00 GMT, 2.3 h7 Jan 2025 18:30 GMT, 105 min7 Jan 2025 20:15 GMT, 90 min7 Jan 2025 21:45 GMT, 15 min7 Jan 2025 22:00 GMT, 15 min7 Jan 2025 22:15 GMT, 15 min7 Jan 2025 23:00 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 00:30 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 07:45 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 08:00 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 09:00 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 09:15 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 09:30 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 10:00 GMT, 90 min8 Jan 2025 11:30 GMT, 45 min8 Jan 2025 12:15 GMT, 30 min8 Jan 2025 12:45 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 13:30 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 13:45 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 14:45 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 15:15 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 15:30 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 16:00 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 18:00 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 18:45 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 20:00 GMT, 15 min8 Jan 2025 20:30 GMT, 15 min27 Jan 2025 03:15 GMT, 6.5 h27 Jan 2025 09:45 GMT, 60 min27 Jan 2025 10:45 GMT, 15 min27 Jan 2025 11:15 GMT, 15 min27 Jan 2025 11:45 GMT, 15 min27 Jan 2025 13:00 GMT, 15 min27 Jan 2025 18:15 GMT, 15 min27 Jan 2025 18:30 GMT, 15 min28 Jan 2025 10:15 GMT, 2 h28 Jan 2025 12:15 GMT, 15 min28 Jan 2025 20:15 GMT, 15 min23 Mar 2025 04:30 GMT, 15 min23 Mar 2025 05:00 GMT, 30 min23 Mar 2025 05:45 GMT, 15 min19 Jul 2025 14:00 GMT, 2.5 h19 Jul 2025 16:30 GMT, 15 min20 Jul 2025 15:30 GMT, 3.3 h20 Jul 2025 18:45 GMT, 15 min20 Jul 2025 20:00 GMT, 15 min20 Jul 2025 20:15 GMT, 15 min4 Sep 2025 17:30 GMT, 15 min4 Sep 2025 18:00 GMT, 15 min4 Sep 2025 18:15 GMT, 15 min4 Sep 2025 18:30 GMT, 15 min4 Sep 2025 19:00 GMT, 15 min17 Sep 2025 08:00 GMT, 60 min17 Sep 2025 09:30 GMT, 15 min20 Sep 2025 18:00 GMT, 11.5 h21 Sep 2025 05:30 GMT, 15 min21 Sep 2025 08:45 GMT, 15 min21 Sep 2025 09:30 GMT, 15 min3 Oct 2025 17:45 GMT, 45 min3 Oct 2025 18:45 GMT, 15 min31 Oct 2025 18:15 GMT, 2.5 h31 Oct 2025 20:45 GMT, 15 min31 Oct 2025 21:00 GMT, 15 min12 Nov 2025 00:00 GMT, 15 min12 Nov 2025 00:30 GMT, 15 min12 Nov 2025 19:45 GMT, 30 min12 Nov 2025 20:15 GMT, 15 min12 Nov 2025 21:15 GMT, 15 min12 Nov 2025 21:30 GMT, 15 min14 Nov 2025 07:00 GMT, 40.8 h15 Nov 2025 23:45 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 00:00 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 00:30 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 00:45 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 09:00 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 09:30 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 10:00 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 10:45 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 11:15 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 12:00 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 13:00 GMT, 15 min16 Nov 2025 18:00 GMT, 15 min23 Nov 2025 18:45 GMT, 3.5 h23 Nov 2025 22:15 GMT, 45 min23 Nov 2025 23:00 GMT, 15 min24 Nov 2025 08:15 GMT, 15 min24 Nov 2025 08:30 GMT, 45 min24 Nov 2025 09:15 GMT, 15 min24 Nov 2025 09:30 GMT, 45 min29 Nov 2025 09:00 GMT, 30.8 h30 Nov 2025 15:45 GMT, 15 min30 Nov 2025 16:15 GMT, 15 min30 Nov 2025 16:30 GMT, 15 min30 Nov 2025 16:45 GMT, 15 min30 Nov 2025 17:00 GMT, 60 min30 Nov 2025 18:15 GMT, 30 min30 Nov 2025 18:45 GMT, 60 min30 Nov 2025 19:45 GMT, 90 min30 Nov 2025 21:30 GMT, 15 min30 Nov 2025 21:45 GMT, 15 min30 Nov 2025 22:00 GMT, 15 min30 Nov 2025 23:15 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 03:45 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 05:30 GMT, 60 min1 Dec 2025 06:30 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 06:45 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 07:00 GMT, 60 min1 Dec 2025 08:00 GMT, 75 min1 Dec 2025 09:15 GMT, 60 min1 Dec 2025 10:15 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 10:30 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 10:45 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 11:45 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 19:00 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 19:45 GMT, 15 min1 Dec 2025 20:00 GMT, 3 h1 Dec 2025 23:00 GMT, 45 min2 Dec 2025 00:00 GMT, 15 min2 Dec 2025 08:00 GMT, 15 min2 Dec 2025 08:15 GMT, 15 min2 Dec 2025 09:15 GMT, 15 min4 Dec 2025 19:45 GMT, 7.3 h5 Dec 2025 03:00 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 03:15 GMT, 45 min5 Dec 2025 04:45 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 06:00 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 07:15 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 07:30 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 07:45 GMT, 90 min5 Dec 2025 09:15 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 09:30 GMT, 30 min5 Dec 2025 10:00 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 10:15 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 10:30 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 11:30 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 12:00 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 17:45 GMT, 8.3 h6 Dec 2025 02:00 GMT, 30 min6 Dec 2025 02:30 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 03:15 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 03:30 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 03:45 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 04:30 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 04:45 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 06:30 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 08:15 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 08:30 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 08:45 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 09:00 GMT, 60 min6 Dec 2025 10:00 GMT, 60 min6 Dec 2025 11:00 GMT, 45 min6 Dec 2025 11:45 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 12:15 GMT, 105 min6 Dec 2025 14:00 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 15:30 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 16:00 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 17:00 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 17:45 GMT, 2.3 h6 Dec 2025 20:00 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 20:45 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 21:00 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 22:00 GMT, 15 min6 Dec 2025 23:45 GMT, 15 min7 Dec 2025 15:30 GMT, 30 min7 Dec 2025 16:00 GMT, 15 min7 Dec 2025 16:45 GMT, 15 min7 Dec 2025 17:00 GMT, 15 min7 Dec 2025 19:15 GMT, 15 min7 Dec 2025 20:15 GMT, 15 min9 Dec 2025 06:30 GMT, 3.3 h9 Dec 2025 10:00 GMT, 13 h9 Dec 2025 23:00 GMT, 60 min10 Dec 2025 01:00 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 07:15 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 07:30 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 08:00 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 08:15 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 08:30 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 08:45 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 09:00 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 09:15 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 09:30 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 09:45 GMT, 15 min10 Dec 2025 10:00 GMT, 15 min15 Dec 2025 08:00 GMT, 16.5 h16 Dec 2025 02:30 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 03:00 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 07:30 GMT, 30 min16 Dec 2025 08:00 GMT, 30 min16 Dec 2025 08:30 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 08:45 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 09:00 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 09:15 GMT, 2 h16 Dec 2025 11:15 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 14:00 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 19:00 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 19:45 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 20:15 GMT, 15 min16 Dec 2025 20:45 GMT, 15 min17 Dec 2025 22:30 GMT, 105 min18 Dec 2025 00:15 GMT, 30 min18 Dec 2025 08:45 GMT, 15 min18 Dec 2025 14:15 GMT, 15 min18 Dec 2025 14:30 GMT, 32.5 h19 Dec 2025 23:00 GMT, 30 min19 Dec 2025 23:30 GMT, 15 min19 Dec 2025 23:45 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 00:00 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 12:00 GMT, 105 min20 Dec 2025 13:45 GMT, 30 min20 Dec 2025 14:15 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 14:45 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 15:00 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 15:15 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 15:30 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 16:00 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 16:30 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 16:45 GMT, 30 min20 Dec 2025 17:15 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 17:30 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 17:45 GMT, 30 min20 Dec 2025 18:15 GMT, 30 min20 Dec 2025 18:45 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 19:00 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 19:15 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 19:45 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 20:00 GMT, 15 min20 Dec 2025 20:15 GMT, 15 min21 Dec 2025 23:15 GMT, 4.3 h22 Dec 2025 08:00 GMT, 45 min22 Dec 2025 09:00 GMT, 15 min22 Dec 2025 09:15 GMT, 15 min22 Dec 2025 09:30 GMT, 15 min22 Dec 2025 10:00 GMT, 15 min22 Dec 2025 10:45 GMT, 15 min22 Dec 2025 11:15 GMT, 15 min22 Dec 2025 11:45 GMT, 15 minCarleton No 2 STW1 Jan 2025 00:00 GMT, 11 h1 Jan 2025 11:00 GMT, 4.5 h1 Jan 2025 15:45 GMT, 15 min5 Jan 2025 15:15 GMT, 20.5 h6 Jan 2025 12:00 GMT, 13 h7 Jan 2025 02:00 GMT, 30 min24 Jan 2025 04:00 GMT, 75 min27 Jan 2025 02:15 GMT, 2.8 h28 Jan 2025 10:00 GMT, 30 min28 Jan 2025 11:15 GMT, 15 min20 Feb 2025 15:30 GMT, 30 min26 Feb 2025 08:15 GMT, 60 min7 Mar 2025 05:00 GMT, 15 min7 Mar 2025 05:30 GMT, 75 min22 Mar 2025 15:45 GMT, 60 min23 Mar 2025 02:30 GMT, 105 min21 Apr 2025 20:15 GMT, 15 min24 May 2025 01:15 GMT, 45 min29 May 2025 02:15 GMT, 15 min5 Jun 2025 09:00 GMT, 30 min5 Jun 2025 15:15 GMT, 45 min6 Jun 2025 05:15 GMT, 30 min6 Jun 2025 06:30 GMT, 15 min6 Jul 2025 12:00 GMT, 90 min6 Jul 2025 17:30 GMT, 30 min7 Jul 2025 22:30 GMT, 15 min15 Jul 2025 21:15 GMT, 30 min19 Jul 2025 10:15 GMT, 75 min19 Jul 2025 12:30 GMT, 45 min19 Jul 2025 14:30 GMT, 90 min20 Jul 2025 13:00 GMT, 2.5 h20 Jul 2025 15:30 GMT, 15 min20 Jul 2025 16:15 GMT, 60 min21 Jul 2025 16:00 GMT, 45 min4 Aug 2025 12:45 GMT, 15 min27 Aug 2025 14:15 GMT, 30 min4 Sep 2025 13:15 GMT, 15 min4 Sep 2025 14:30 GMT, 45 min4 Sep 2025 16:30 GMT, 15 min11 Sep 2025 15:00 GMT, 30 min11 Sep 2025 15:45 GMT, 30 min17 Sep 2025 04:30 GMT, 15 min17 Sep 2025 05:15 GMT, 75 min17 Sep 2025 06:45 GMT, 2 h20 Sep 2025 15:30 GMT, 10.3 h28 Sep 2025 01:00 GMT, 15 min28 Sep 2025 01:30 GMT, 2.3 h2 Oct 2025 23:30 GMT, 45 min3 Oct 2025 14:00 GMT, 2.5 h4 Oct 2025 04:00 GMT, 30 min19 Oct 2025 19:00 GMT, 30 min19 Oct 2025 21:15 GMT, 30 min19 Oct 2025 22:30 GMT, 75 min23 Oct 2025 01:45 GMT, 30 min23 Oct 2025 05:00 GMT, 30 min31 Oct 2025 16:30 GMT, 3.5 h4 Nov 2025 17:30 GMT, 30 min4 Nov 2025 19:45 GMT, 30 min10 Nov 2025 15:45 GMT, 15 min10 Nov 2025 16:00 GMT, 30 min11 Nov 2025 22:30 GMT, 2 h12 Nov 2025 00:30 GMT, 15 min12 Nov 2025 16:45 GMT, 15 min12 Nov 2025 19:15 GMT, 30 min14 Nov 2025 01:15 GMT, 45 min14 Nov 2025 02:15 GMT, 15 min14 Nov 2025 06:00 GMT, 15 min14 Nov 2025 06:30 GMT, 15 min14 Nov 2025 07:00 GMT, 15 min14 Nov 2025 09:00 GMT, 29 h15 Nov 2025 14:15 GMT, 15 min15 Nov 2025 14:45 GMT, 15 min15 Nov 2025 17:30 GMT, 15 min18 Nov 2025 15:15 GMT, 30 min22 Nov 2025 05:45 GMT, 60 min23 Nov 2025 06:30 GMT, 30 min23 Nov 2025 13:15 GMT, 45 min23 Nov 2025 15:00 GMT, 15 min23 Nov 2025 18:30 GMT, 75 min28 Nov 2025 13:15 GMT, 60 min29 Nov 2025 04:30 GMT, 30 min29 Nov 2025 06:15 GMT, 60 min29 Nov 2025 07:15 GMT, 20.5 h1 Dec 2025 20:00 GMT, 60 min4 Dec 2025 16:15 GMT, 3.5 h4 Dec 2025 21:30 GMT, 2.5 h5 Dec 2025 18:00 GMT, 15 min5 Dec 2025 18:45 GMT, 60 min5 Dec 2025 20:30 GMT, 2.5 h6 Dec 2025 18:45 GMT, 15 min9 Dec 2025 04:00 GMT, 11 h9 Dec 2025 16:30 GMT, 15 min9 Dec 2025 17:00 GMT, 15 min15 Dec 2025 06:00 GMT, 7.3 h15 Dec 2025 14:45 GMT, 15 min15 Dec 2025 15:30 GMT, 15 min15 Dec 2025 17:00 GMT, 2.3 h17 Dec 2025 21:45 GMT, 75 min18 Dec 2025 13:45 GMT, 8.3 h18 Dec 2025 22:15 GMT, 15 min21 Dec 2025 21:30 GMT, 45 min21 Dec 2025 22:15 GMT, 15 min21 Dec 2025 22:30 GMT, 45 min22 Dec 2025 00:15 GMT, 2.3 h

Estimated spill volume by month, 2025

Hours spilling each month × the estimated spill rate for a works of this size. The bars are central estimates and the whiskers show the low–high range. Method.

020k40k60kJan 2025: 155 h spilling ≈ 16,585 m³ (range 6,606–41,638 m³)JanFeb 2025: 1.5 h spilling ≈ 161 m³ (range 64–404 m³)FebMar 2025: 5.2 h spilling ≈ 558 m³ (range 222–1,401 m³)MarApr 2025: 0.2 h spilling ≈ 21 m³ (range 8.6–54 m³)AprMay 2025: 1.0 h spilling ≈ 107 m³ (range 43–269 m³)MayJun 2025: 2.0 h spilling ≈ 215 m³ (range 86–539 m³)JunJul 2025: 18 h spilling ≈ 1,889 m³ (range 753–4,743 m³)JulAug 2025: 0.8 h spilling ≈ 86 m³ (range 34–216 m³)AugSep 2025: 33 h spilling ≈ 3,575 m³ (range 1,424–8,974 m³)SepOct 2025: 15 h spilling ≈ 1,557 m³ (range 620–3,908 m³)OctNov 2025: 152 h spilling ≈ 16,349 m³ (range 6,512–41,045 m³)NovDec 2025: 186 h spilling ≈ 19,934 m³ (range 7,940–50,046 m³)Dec
Cubic metres (m³), estimate. Hours are measured by the event duration monitor.

Longest single spills

Started (GMT)OverflowDurationEstimated volume
5 Jan 2025, 13:30Carleton No 2 STW2.1 days2,106 – 13,273 m³
14 Nov 2025, 07:00Carleton No 2 STW1.7 days1,742 – 10,982 m³
18 Dec 2025, 14:30Carleton No 2 STW1.4 days1,390 – 8,759 m³
29 Nov 2025, 09:00Carleton No 2 STW1.3 days1,315 – 8,287 m³
14 Nov 2025, 09:00Carleton No 2 STW1.2 days1,240 – 7,815 m³

Estimated 2025 spill volume and pollution

Estimate, not a measurement. Monitors record how long an overflow spills, not how much. This calculator back-calculates a spill rate from the size of the works, using the Environment Agency's permit formulae, and multiplies it by published storm-sewage concentrations. How it works.

Volume, central estimate61,027 m³range 24,308 – 153,210 m³
In litres61.0 millionrange 24.3 million – 153.2 million L
Olympic swimming pools24at 2,500 m³ each
Organic load, as people's raw sewage91,540person-days of untreated BOD

Assumed spill rate while spilling: 11.9 – 74.9 L/s (central 29.8 L/s), from a dry-weather flow of 11.9 L/s.

Pollutant releasedLowCentralHighConcentration used (low / typical / high)
BOD₅ (organic load) 972 kg5,492 kg30,642 kg 40 / 90 / 200 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range, Ellis & Jenkins 2005; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (both via botturi)
Suspended solids 2,552 kg25,936 kg110,465 kg 105 / 425 / 721 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (via botturi)
Ammonium-N 46 kg384 kg1,425 kg 1.9 / 6.3 / 9.3 mg/L
Low: Germany, Brombach 2005; typical/high: Paris range 3.3–9.3 midpoint and top, Gasperi 2012 (via botturi); no UK value found
Total phosphorus 29 kg159 kg827 kg 1.2 / 2.6 / 5.4 mg/L
Low/high: Paris, Gasperi 2012; typical: Slovakia (via botturi). UK figure of 10 mg/L treated as an outlier
E. coli 2.4 trillion organisms61.0 trillion organisms1.5 × 10¹⁵ organisms 10,000 / 100,000 / 1.0 million per 100 mL
Median range at CSO and retention-tank outlets, Stott et al. 2018 (via botturi); typical = log midpoint

Low combines the low spill rate with low concentrations, and high combines high with high, so the true figure is very likely inside the range. Long spills become more diluted as they go on, so the central figure tends to overstate the load of long events. The calculator does not estimate the effect on the receiving water, which depends on river flow or tide at the time of the spill.

Carleton No 2 STW

Storm tank at sewage works · discharges to River Little Went

Spills 2025
45 (355 hours) · down 4% on 2024
Spills 2024
47 (392 hours)
Long-term average
63.3 spills a year (monitored since 2020)
Monitor uptime
100% of the year
High-spill reason (company)
Not asset maintenance - hydraulic capacity
Investigation
UWWTR investigation ongoing, Operational investigation completed
Improvement
No improvement action in reporting period
WFD catchment
Went from Hoyle Mill Stream to Blowell Drain (GB104027063360)
Outlet location
SE4632019380 (OS grid reference) · View on Apple Maps
EA ID / permit
YWS00769 · 381 · company name: CARLETON/NO 2 STW

Carleton No 2 STW

Inlet overflow at sewage works · discharges to River Little Went

Spills 2025
60 (214 hours) · down 12% on 2024
Spills 2024
68 (254 hours)
Long-term average
71.7 spills a year (monitored since 2020)
Monitor uptime
99% of the year
High-spill reason (company)
Not asset maintenance - hydraulic capacity
Investigation
UWWTR investigation ongoing, Operational investigation completed
Improvement
No improvement action in reporting period
WFD catchment
Went from Hoyle Mill Stream to Blowell Drain (GB104027063360)
Outlet location
SE4632019380 (OS grid reference) · View on Apple Maps
EA ID / permit
YWS00770 · 381 · company name: CARLETON/NO 2 STW

How the estimate works

  1. Dry-weather flow (DWF) = population × water use per person × (1 + infiltration). Water use is 136.5 L per person per day, England's per-capita consumption for 2024–25 [EA]. Infiltration of groundwater into sewers is taken as 0–40% of that flow [Escritt, via HBF]. The Environment Agency defines DWF as PG + I + E [EA].
  2. Population. The size of each works comes from the load entering it as reported under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in population equivalents (1 p.e. = 60 g of BOD a day) [UWWTD]. We treat population equivalent as population. That overstates flow where trade effluent adds load, and no official source links the two. Works serving fewer than 2,000 p.e. are not reported, so their size has to be entered by hand.
  3. Low spill rate = DWF. This is the method used by Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), which they note likely underestimates storm loads [G&V].
  4. High spill rate = Formula A − flow to full treatment = (DWF + 1360P) − 3DWF. This is the largest flow the permit expects the storm tanks to handle before it passes on to treatment or overflows [EA]. The central rate is the geometric mean of the low and high rates.
  5. Volume = spill rate × hours spilling, with hours taken from the event duration monitor.
  6. Pollution = volume × published storm-sewage concentrations [Botturi et al.] [US EPA]. Organic load is also shown as person-days of untreated sewage at 60 g of BOD per person per day [UWWTD].

What this cannot tell you. It gives no real flow for any single spill, and no effect on the river or sea, which depends on the flow, tide and the other pressures on the water at the time. It gives no figure for spills from overflows on the sewer network, which serve catchments of unknown size. It is a way to put hours into rough physical terms, not a substitute for flow monitoring.

Sources

  1. EA: Water companies – environmental permits for storm overflows and emergency overflows
  2. EA: Water resources 2024 to 2025 – per capita consumption
  3. HBF: Foul sewer design – historic conventions (citing Escritt 1984 on infiltration)
  4. Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., doi:10.1039/D5EW00860C
  5. Botturi et al. (2021), Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51:1585 – CSO quality review, Table 2
  6. US EPA (2004) Report to Congress on CSOs and SSOs, chapter 4
  7. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, Article 2(6): 1 p.e. = 60 g BOD5/day
  8. Olympic-size swimming pool: 2,500 m³ at the nominal 2 m depth

← All Yorkshire Water works · Contains Environment Agency data licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Spill start and stop times: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. They are water-company data and have not been verified by the Environment Agency. Works size: EEA Waterbase UWWTD. How to read the data.