Storm overflow register · Yorkshire Water

Neiley sewage works: storm overflow spills 2025

Neiley sewage treatment works, run by Yorkshire Water, has 1 monitored storm overflow discharging to River Holme. In 2025 it recorded 55 spills totalling 736 hours, against 68 spills and 886 hours in 2024. By hours spilling, it ranks 64 of 283 Yorkshire Water works, where 1 spilled longest.

Works size: 29,681 population equivalent (HOLMFIRTH STW, UWWTD 2018). Used for the spill volume estimate.

Every spill in 2025

Each blue mark is one spill, placed by when it started and sized by how long it lasted. Hover over a mark for the date and duration.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNeiley No. 2 STW1 Jan 2025 03:51 GMT, 37 min1 Jan 2025 16:27 GMT, 1 min1 Jan 2025 16:29 GMT, 5 min1 Jan 2025 16:35 GMT, 1 min1 Jan 2025 16:50 GMT, 2 min1 Jan 2025 16:54 GMT, 2 min1 Jan 2025 16:58 GMT, 6 min1 Jan 2025 17:05 GMT, 3 min1 Jan 2025 17:09 GMT, 5 min1 Jan 2025 17:15 GMT, 2 min1 Jan 2025 17:18 GMT, 2 min1 Jan 2025 17:27 GMT, 16 min1 Jan 2025 17:45 GMT, 2 min1 Jan 2025 17:49 GMT, 6 min1 Jan 2025 17:56 GMT, 2 min1 Jan 2025 17:59 GMT, 45.1 h6 Jan 2025 00:55 GMT, 18 min6 Jan 2025 03:12 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 03:24 GMT, 73 min6 Jan 2025 04:53 GMT, 4.4 h6 Jan 2025 09:20 GMT, 39 min6 Jan 2025 10:00 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 10:06 GMT, 29 min6 Jan 2025 10:36 GMT, 12 min6 Jan 2025 10:50 GMT, 10 min6 Jan 2025 11:01 GMT, 12 min6 Jan 2025 11:16 GMT, 22 min6 Jan 2025 11:39 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 11:42 GMT, 7 min6 Jan 2025 11:51 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 11:53 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 11:57 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 12:03 GMT, 8 min6 Jan 2025 12:19 GMT, 16 min6 Jan 2025 12:37 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 12:42 GMT, 19 min6 Jan 2025 13:04 GMT, 21 min6 Jan 2025 13:32 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 13:38 GMT, 12 min6 Jan 2025 13:51 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 14:02 GMT, 23 min6 Jan 2025 14:26 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 14:43 GMT, 14 min6 Jan 2025 14:59 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 15:04 GMT, 12 min6 Jan 2025 15:17 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 15:24 GMT, 16 min6 Jan 2025 15:41 GMT, 57.1 h9 Jan 2025 00:48 GMT, 4 min11 Jan 2025 02:45 GMT, 15 h14 Jan 2025 04:02 GMT, 35.8 h15 Jan 2025 16:20 GMT, 2 min15 Jan 2025 16:26 GMT, 6 min15 Jan 2025 16:34 GMT, 30 min15 Jan 2025 17:08 GMT, 2 min15 Jan 2025 17:16 GMT, 2 min15 Jan 2025 18:26 GMT, 6 min15 Jan 2025 18:34 GMT, 8 min15 Jan 2025 18:44 GMT, 2.2 h15 Jan 2025 21:02 GMT, 78 min16 Jan 2025 21:32 GMT, 30 h18 Jan 2025 03:38 GMT, 30 min20 Sep 2025 18:00 GMT, 12 min21 Sep 2025 08:18 GMT, 14.9 h3 Oct 2025 21:06 GMT, 5.4 h4 Oct 2025 04:44 GMT, 2.1 h4 Oct 2025 07:00 GMT, 9 min4 Oct 2025 11:03 GMT, 21 min4 Oct 2025 11:25 GMT, 11 min4 Oct 2025 11:37 GMT, 11 min4 Oct 2025 11:51 GMT, 31 min4 Oct 2025 12:39 GMT, 22 min4 Oct 2025 13:08 GMT, 11 min4 Oct 2025 13:20 GMT, 2 min4 Oct 2025 13:35 GMT, 20 min4 Oct 2025 13:56 GMT, 6 min4 Oct 2025 14:04 GMT, 2 min4 Oct 2025 14:10 GMT, 23 min4 Oct 2025 14:34 GMT, 35 min4 Oct 2025 15:21 GMT, 33 min4 Oct 2025 15:57 GMT, 2.8 h4 Oct 2025 18:45 GMT, 68 min4 Oct 2025 19:54 GMT, 38 min4 Oct 2025 20:36 GMT, 2.3 h4 Oct 2025 22:57 GMT, 21 h14 Nov 2025 10:12 GMT, 13 min17 Nov 2025 03:32 GMT, 1 min17 Nov 2025 03:34 GMT, 2 min17 Nov 2025 03:37 GMT, 2 min17 Nov 2025 03:40 GMT, 4.6 h17 Nov 2025 17:10 GMT, 1 min17 Nov 2025 17:17 GMT, 2 min17 Nov 2025 17:23 GMT, 9.7 h18 Nov 2025 04:14 GMT, 2.4 h18 Nov 2025 07:02 GMT, 5.6 h18 Nov 2025 12:47 GMT, 2 min18 Nov 2025 22:58 GMT, 7 h19 Nov 2025 07:07 GMT, 1 min19 Nov 2025 13:42 GMT, 1 min19 Nov 2025 13:44 GMT, 2 min19 Nov 2025 13:54 GMT, 11 h20 Nov 2025 02:10 GMT, 2 min20 Nov 2025 02:14 GMT, 56 min23 Nov 2025 16:33 GMT, 32 min23 Nov 2025 17:07 GMT, 4 min24 Nov 2025 00:17 GMT, 1 min24 Nov 2025 00:19 GMT, 4 min24 Nov 2025 00:40 GMT, 1 min24 Nov 2025 00:51 GMT, 1 min24 Nov 2025 00:53 GMT, 5.5 h24 Nov 2025 06:28 GMT, 51 min24 Nov 2025 20:22 GMT, 24 min24 Nov 2025 21:04 GMT, 2 min24 Nov 2025 21:09 GMT, 1 min24 Nov 2025 21:38 GMT, 13 min24 Nov 2025 21:52 GMT, 26 h26 Nov 2025 18:51 GMT, 5.2 h27 Nov 2025 00:08 GMT, 22 min27 Nov 2025 00:38 GMT, 12 min27 Nov 2025 01:20 GMT, 116 min27 Nov 2025 03:36 GMT, 6 min27 Nov 2025 03:56 GMT, 62 min27 Nov 2025 05:02 GMT, 14 min27 Nov 2025 05:18 GMT, 10 min27 Nov 2025 06:32 GMT, 44 min27 Nov 2025 07:50 GMT, 2.7 h27 Nov 2025 10:52 GMT, 2.1 h27 Nov 2025 13:28 GMT, 66 min27 Nov 2025 18:19 GMT, 1 min27 Nov 2025 18:23 GMT, 3 min27 Nov 2025 18:28 GMT, 4 min27 Nov 2025 18:34 GMT, 48 min27 Nov 2025 19:38 GMT, 3.5 h27 Nov 2025 23:14 GMT, 2.6 h28 Nov 2025 01:52 GMT, 52 min28 Nov 2025 03:02 GMT, 2.9 h28 Nov 2025 06:14 GMT, 74 min28 Nov 2025 08:02 GMT, 48 min28 Nov 2025 09:16 GMT, 20 min28 Nov 2025 13:20 GMT, 6.9 h28 Nov 2025 21:08 GMT, 52 min29 Nov 2025 09:44 GMT, 41.6 h1 Dec 2025 03:23 GMT, 10 min1 Dec 2025 03:36 GMT, 1 min1 Dec 2025 03:39 GMT, 5 min1 Dec 2025 03:47 GMT, 7 min1 Dec 2025 04:01 GMT, 3 min1 Dec 2025 04:05 GMT, 1 min1 Dec 2025 04:31 GMT, 5 min1 Dec 2025 04:43 GMT, 3 min1 Dec 2025 04:54 GMT, 2 min1 Dec 2025 05:16 GMT, 1 min1 Dec 2025 07:13 GMT, 71 min1 Dec 2025 08:28 GMT, 12 min1 Dec 2025 08:48 GMT, 9 min1 Dec 2025 08:58 GMT, 9.7 h1 Dec 2025 18:38 GMT, 3.6 h1 Dec 2025 22:15 GMT, 1 min1 Dec 2025 22:20 GMT, 9 min1 Dec 2025 22:30 GMT, 2 min1 Dec 2025 22:35 GMT, 1 min2 Dec 2025 23:53 GMT, 3 min2 Dec 2025 23:57 GMT, 9 min3 Dec 2025 00:15 GMT, 31 min3 Dec 2025 00:51 GMT, 7 min3 Dec 2025 01:07 GMT, 6 min3 Dec 2025 01:27 GMT, 2 min3 Dec 2025 01:44 GMT, 8.7 h3 Dec 2025 10:30 GMT, 12 min3 Dec 2025 17:09 GMT, 31.2 h5 Dec 2025 01:32 GMT, 26 min5 Dec 2025 19:07 GMT, 79 min5 Dec 2025 20:32 GMT, 10 min5 Dec 2025 20:51 GMT, 10 min5 Dec 2025 21:15 GMT, 12 min5 Dec 2025 23:09 GMT, 13 min6 Dec 2025 01:11 GMT, 7 min6 Dec 2025 01:19 GMT, 3 min6 Dec 2025 01:24 GMT, 18 min6 Dec 2025 01:46 GMT, 15.4 h6 Dec 2025 23:48 GMT, 69 min7 Dec 2025 00:59 GMT, 26 min7 Dec 2025 01:28 GMT, 8 min7 Dec 2025 01:39 GMT, 12.9 h7 Dec 2025 14:41 GMT, 6 min7 Dec 2025 15:12 GMT, 26 h8 Dec 2025 19:10 GMT, 5 min8 Dec 2025 19:16 GMT, 14.3 h9 Dec 2025 09:34 GMT, 86 min9 Dec 2025 11:03 GMT, 4.3 h9 Dec 2025 15:24 GMT, 15 min9 Dec 2025 15:40 GMT, 20 min9 Dec 2025 16:02 GMT, 29 min9 Dec 2025 16:32 GMT, 37 min9 Dec 2025 17:11 GMT, 69 min9 Dec 2025 18:21 GMT, 4.7 h9 Dec 2025 23:06 GMT, 3.5 h10 Dec 2025 02:50 GMT, 22 min10 Dec 2025 08:26 GMT, 60 min10 Dec 2025 09:27 GMT, 10.1 h11 Dec 2025 02:08 GMT, 2 min11 Dec 2025 02:26 GMT, 2 min11 Dec 2025 02:33 GMT, 2 min11 Dec 2025 02:37 GMT, 5 min11 Dec 2025 02:46 GMT, 24.3 h12 Dec 2025 08:22 GMT, 2.7 h12 Dec 2025 12:28 GMT, 9.5 h15 Dec 2025 12:50 GMT, 2.6 h15 Dec 2025 23:15 GMT, 1 min15 Dec 2025 23:17 GMT, 3 min15 Dec 2025 23:21 GMT, 1 min15 Dec 2025 23:33 GMT, 13 min15 Dec 2025 23:47 GMT, 14 min16 Dec 2025 00:03 GMT, 40 min16 Dec 2025 00:49 GMT, 11.6 h16 Dec 2025 12:30 GMT, 1 min16 Dec 2025 12:35 GMT, 6 min16 Dec 2025 12:42 GMT, 10 min16 Dec 2025 12:55 GMT, 5 min16 Dec 2025 13:14 GMT, 1 min16 Dec 2025 13:18 GMT, 4 min16 Dec 2025 13:26 GMT, 5 min16 Dec 2025 13:32 GMT, 2 min16 Dec 2025 13:40 GMT, 2 min16 Dec 2025 13:51 GMT, 16.1 h17 Dec 2025 06:46 GMT, 14.6 h17 Dec 2025 21:25 GMT, 3 min17 Dec 2025 21:31 GMT, 1 min17 Dec 2025 21:33 GMT, 5 min17 Dec 2025 21:39 GMT, 5 min17 Dec 2025 21:45 GMT, 30 min17 Dec 2025 22:17 GMT, 41 min17 Dec 2025 23:03 GMT, 10 min17 Dec 2025 23:15 GMT, 4 min17 Dec 2025 23:20 GMT, 9 min17 Dec 2025 23:30 GMT, 9 h18 Dec 2025 08:28 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 08:35 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 09:47 GMT, 3.5 h18 Dec 2025 15:05 GMT, 1 min19 Dec 2025 11:31 GMT, 4 min19 Dec 2025 11:41 GMT, 8 min19 Dec 2025 11:52 GMT, 44 min19 Dec 2025 12:38 GMT, 2.3 h19 Dec 2025 14:59 GMT, 54 min19 Dec 2025 15:54 GMT, 8 min19 Dec 2025 16:05 GMT, 3 min19 Dec 2025 16:40 GMT, 3 min20 Dec 2025 08:11 GMT, 1 min20 Dec 2025 08:15 GMT, 1 min20 Dec 2025 17:19 GMT, 1 min20 Dec 2025 18:13 GMT, 1 min20 Dec 2025 20:49 GMT, 2 min20 Dec 2025 21:51 GMT, 1 min20 Dec 2025 22:26 GMT, 1 min20 Dec 2025 23:25 GMT, 1 min20 Dec 2025 23:43 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 00:28 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 00:41 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 00:47 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 01:00 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 01:05 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 01:20 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 01:26 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 01:39 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 01:43 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 01:59 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 02:05 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 02:14 GMT, 14 min21 Dec 2025 02:29 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 02:31 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 02:36 GMT, 9 min21 Dec 2025 02:56 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 03:01 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 03:17 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 03:22 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 03:27 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 03:36 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 03:40 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 03:42 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 03:56 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 04:01 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 04:12 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 04:19 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 04:21 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 04:33 GMT, 43 min21 Dec 2025 05:18 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 05:24 GMT, 8 min21 Dec 2025 10:00 GMT, 14 min21 Dec 2025 10:30 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 10:44 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 11:09 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 11:23 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 11:48 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 12:01 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 12:21 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 12:26 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 12:32 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 12:35 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 12:40 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 13:05 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 13:19 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 13:23 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 13:57 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 14:36 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 14:40 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 15:15 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 15:19 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 15:36 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 15:54 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 15:58 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 16:14 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 16:17 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 16:32 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 16:36 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 16:42 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 16:51 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 16:57 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 17:10 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 17:15 GMT, 2 min21 Dec 2025 17:31 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 17:37 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 18:23 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 18:31 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 18:37 GMT, 23 min21 Dec 2025 19:02 GMT, 75 min21 Dec 2025 20:18 GMT, 8 min21 Dec 2025 20:27 GMT, 3 min21 Dec 2025 20:31 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 20:38 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 20:45 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 20:48 GMT, 8 min21 Dec 2025 21:04 GMT, 9 min21 Dec 2025 21:15 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 21:21 GMT, 1 min21 Dec 2025 21:23 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 21:28 GMT, 2 min22 Dec 2025 07:56 GMT, 1 min22 Dec 2025 11:23 GMT, 6 min22 Dec 2025 11:30 GMT, 60.7 h

Estimated spill volume by month, 2025

Hours spilling each month × the estimated spill rate for a works of this size. The bars are central estimates and the whiskers show the low–high range. Method.

0200k400k600kJan 2025: 201 h spilling ≈ 101,968 m³ (range 40,616–255,994 m³)JanFeb 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)FebMar 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)MarApr 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)AprMay 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)MayJun 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)JunJul 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)JulAug 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)AugSep 2025: 15 h spilling ≈ 7,679 m³ (range 3,059–19,279 m³)SepOct 2025: 39 h spilling ≈ 20,038 m³ (range 7,981–50,305 m³)OctNov 2025: 151 h spilling ≈ 76,539 m³ (range 30,487–192,155 m³)NovDec 2025: 330 h spilling ≈ 168,031 m³ (range 66,930–421,847 m³)Dec
Cubic metres (m³), estimate. Hours are measured by the event duration monitor.

Longest single spills

Started (GMT)OverflowDurationEstimated volume
22 Dec 2025, 11:30Neiley No. 2 STW2.5 days12,289 – 77,458 m³
6 Jan 2025, 15:41Neiley No. 2 STW2.4 days11,557 – 72,840 m³
1 Jan 2025, 17:59Neiley No. 2 STW1.9 days9,139 – 57,604 m³
29 Nov 2025, 09:44Neiley No. 2 STW1.7 days8,434 – 53,157 m³
14 Jan 2025, 04:02Neiley No. 2 STW1.5 days7,245 – 45,666 m³

Estimated 2025 spill volume and pollution

Estimate, not a measurement. Monitors record how long an overflow spills, not how much. This calculator back-calculates a spill rate from the size of the works, using the Environment Agency's permit formulae, and multiplies it by published storm-sewage concentrations. How it works.

Volume, central estimate374,204 m³range 149,053 – 939,453 m³
In litres374.2 millionrange 149.1 million – 939.5 million L
Olympic swimming pools150at 2,500 m³ each
Organic load, as people's raw sewage561,305person-days of untreated BOD

Assumed spill rate while spilling: 56.3 – 354.7 L/s (central 141.3 L/s), from a dry-weather flow of 56.3 L/s.

Pollutant releasedLowCentralHighConcentration used (low / typical / high)
BOD₅ (organic load) 5,962 kg33,678 kg187,891 kg 40 / 90 / 200 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range, Ellis & Jenkins 2005; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (both via botturi)
Suspended solids 15,651 kg159,037 kg677,346 kg 105 / 425 / 721 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (via botturi)
Ammonium-N 283 kg2,357 kg8,737 kg 1.9 / 6.3 / 9.3 mg/L
Low: Germany, Brombach 2005; typical/high: Paris range 3.3–9.3 midpoint and top, Gasperi 2012 (via botturi); no UK value found
Total phosphorus 179 kg973 kg5,073 kg 1.2 / 2.6 / 5.4 mg/L
Low/high: Paris, Gasperi 2012; typical: Slovakia (via botturi). UK figure of 10 mg/L treated as an outlier
E. coli 14.9 trillion organisms374.2 trillion organisms9.4 × 10¹⁵ organisms 10,000 / 100,000 / 1.0 million per 100 mL
Median range at CSO and retention-tank outlets, Stott et al. 2018 (via botturi); typical = log midpoint

Low combines the low spill rate with low concentrations, and high combines high with high, so the true figure is very likely inside the range. Long spills become more diluted as they go on, so the central figure tends to overstate the load of long events. The calculator does not estimate the effect on the receiving water, which depends on river flow or tide at the time of the spill.

Neiley No. 2 STW

Storm tank at sewage works · discharges to River Holme

Spills 2025
55 (736 hours) · down 19% on 2024
Spills 2024
68 (886 hours)
Long-term average
74.0 spills a year (monitored since 2020)
Monitor uptime
100% of the year
High-spill reason (company)
Not asset maintenance - hydraulic capacity
Investigation
Env Act (SODRP) investigation completed, UWWTR investigation completed, Operational investigation completed
Improvement
No improvement action in reporting period
WFD catchment
Holme from New Mill Dike to R Colne (GB104027063301)
Outlet location
SE1463011560 (OS grid reference) · View on Apple Maps
EA ID / permit
YWS00109 · 2255 · company name: NEILEY/NO 2 STW

How the estimate works

  1. Dry-weather flow (DWF) = population × water use per person × (1 + infiltration). Water use is 136.5 L per person per day, England's per-capita consumption for 2024–25 [EA]. Infiltration of groundwater into sewers is taken as 0–40% of that flow [Escritt, via HBF]. The Environment Agency defines DWF as PG + I + E [EA].
  2. Population. The size of each works comes from the load entering it as reported under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in population equivalents (1 p.e. = 60 g of BOD a day) [UWWTD]. We treat population equivalent as population. That overstates flow where trade effluent adds load, and no official source links the two. Works serving fewer than 2,000 p.e. are not reported, so their size has to be entered by hand.
  3. Low spill rate = DWF. This is the method used by Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), which they note likely underestimates storm loads [G&V].
  4. High spill rate = Formula A − flow to full treatment = (DWF + 1360P) − 3DWF. This is the largest flow the permit expects the storm tanks to handle before it passes on to treatment or overflows [EA]. The central rate is the geometric mean of the low and high rates.
  5. Volume = spill rate × hours spilling, with hours taken from the event duration monitor.
  6. Pollution = volume × published storm-sewage concentrations [Botturi et al.] [US EPA]. Organic load is also shown as person-days of untreated sewage at 60 g of BOD per person per day [UWWTD].

What this cannot tell you. It gives no real flow for any single spill, and no effect on the river or sea, which depends on the flow, tide and the other pressures on the water at the time. It gives no figure for spills from overflows on the sewer network, which serve catchments of unknown size. It is a way to put hours into rough physical terms, not a substitute for flow monitoring.

Sources

  1. EA: Water companies – environmental permits for storm overflows and emergency overflows
  2. EA: Water resources 2024 to 2025 – per capita consumption
  3. HBF: Foul sewer design – historic conventions (citing Escritt 1984 on infiltration)
  4. Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., doi:10.1039/D5EW00860C
  5. Botturi et al. (2021), Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51:1585 – CSO quality review, Table 2
  6. US EPA (2004) Report to Congress on CSOs and SSOs, chapter 4
  7. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, Article 2(6): 1 p.e. = 60 g BOD5/day
  8. Olympic-size swimming pool: 2,500 m³ at the nominal 2 m depth

← All Yorkshire Water works · Contains Environment Agency data licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Spill start and stop times: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. They are water-company data and have not been verified by the Environment Agency. Works size: EEA Waterbase UWWTD. How to read the data.