Storm overflow register · Anglian Water

Benefield sewage works: storm overflow spills 2025

Benefield sewage treatment works, run by Anglian Water, has 1 monitored storm overflow discharging to Benefield Brook. In 2025 it recorded 58 spills totalling 224 hours, against 56 spills and 309 hours in 2024. By hours spilling, it ranks 98 of 419 Anglian Water works, where 1 spilled longest.

Every spill in 2025

Each blue mark is one spill, placed by when it started and sized by how long it lasted. Hover over a mark for the date and duration.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecBenefield STW1 Jan 2025 07:04 GMT, 4 min1 Jan 2025 07:18 GMT, 4 min1 Jan 2025 09:52 GMT, 20 min1 Jan 2025 10:16 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 13:14 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 13:28 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 13:42 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 13:56 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 14:12 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 14:26 GMT, 10 min5 Jan 2025 14:40 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 14:54 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 15:08 GMT, 10 min5 Jan 2025 15:28 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 15:42 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 16:02 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 16:16 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 16:34 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 16:50 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 17:28 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 17:46 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 18:00 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 18:16 GMT, 8 min5 Jan 2025 18:30 GMT, 10 min5 Jan 2025 18:44 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 18:58 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 19:14 GMT, 8 min5 Jan 2025 19:32 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 19:46 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 20:02 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 20:16 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 20:30 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 20:44 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 21:18 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 21:28 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 21:42 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 22:06 GMT, 6 min5 Jan 2025 22:36 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 22:46 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 22:54 GMT, 66 min6 Jan 2025 00:00 GMT, 46 min6 Jan 2025 00:50 GMT, 14 min6 Jan 2025 01:10 GMT, 14 min6 Jan 2025 01:30 GMT, 66 min6 Jan 2025 02:42 GMT, 19.8 h6 Jan 2025 23:30 GMT, 4 min27 Jan 2025 02:10 GMT, 6 min27 Jan 2025 02:24 GMT, 6 min27 Jan 2025 02:34 GMT, 48 min27 Jan 2025 03:32 GMT, 6 min27 Jan 2025 03:46 GMT, 6 min27 Jan 2025 04:02 GMT, 4 min28 Jan 2025 03:00 GMT, 6 min29 Jan 2025 00:18 GMT, 4 min29 Jan 2025 01:24 GMT, 6 min15 Feb 2025 19:06 GMT, 6 min15 Feb 2025 19:20 GMT, 6 min21 Feb 2025 14:24 GMT, 4 min26 Feb 2025 11:04 GMT, 86 min27 May 2025 21:46 GMT, 10 min27 May 2025 22:00 GMT, 10 min3 Jun 2025 11:04 GMT, 10 min3 Jun 2025 11:28 GMT, 68 min26 Jun 2025 12:26 GMT, 4 min26 Jun 2025 12:36 GMT, 4 min6 Jul 2025 09:04 GMT, 24 min6 Jul 2025 09:42 GMT, 6 min6 Jul 2025 15:02 GMT, 18 min6 Jul 2025 15:26 GMT, 4 min7 Jul 2025 00:16 GMT, 3.7 h7 Jul 2025 04:04 GMT, 4 min7 Jul 2025 04:22 GMT, 6 min7 Jul 2025 04:42 GMT, 10 min7 Jul 2025 04:56 GMT, 58 min8 Jul 2025 15:14 GMT, 10 min8 Jul 2025 17:10 GMT, 6 min8 Jul 2025 17:20 GMT, 4 min9 Jul 2025 01:18 GMT, 6 min9 Jul 2025 03:14 GMT, 10 min9 Jul 2025 05:10 GMT, 14 min9 Jul 2025 07:10 GMT, 16 min9 Jul 2025 09:12 GMT, 14 min9 Jul 2025 11:12 GMT, 14 min9 Jul 2025 13:14 GMT, 14 min9 Jul 2025 15:10 GMT, 14 min9 Jul 2025 17:12 GMT, 14 min9 Jul 2025 19:12 GMT, 10 min9 Jul 2025 21:08 GMT, 14 min9 Jul 2025 23:10 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 01:10 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 03:10 GMT, 10 min10 Jul 2025 05:12 GMT, 10 min10 Jul 2025 07:12 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 08:34 GMT, 6 min10 Jul 2025 09:14 GMT, 18 min10 Jul 2025 11:14 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 13:10 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 15:12 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 17:14 GMT, 10 min10 Jul 2025 19:12 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 21:08 GMT, 14 min10 Jul 2025 23:10 GMT, 14 min11 Jul 2025 01:10 GMT, 14 min11 Jul 2025 03:10 GMT, 10 min11 Jul 2025 05:06 GMT, 16 min11 Jul 2025 07:12 GMT, 16 min11 Jul 2025 09:14 GMT, 14 min11 Jul 2025 11:14 GMT, 14 min11 Jul 2025 13:10 GMT, 16 min11 Jul 2025 15:14 GMT, 8 min11 Jul 2025 17:10 GMT, 16 min11 Jul 2025 19:08 GMT, 14 min11 Jul 2025 21:10 GMT, 14 min11 Jul 2025 23:10 GMT, 10 min12 Jul 2025 01:12 GMT, 10 min12 Jul 2025 03:08 GMT, 14 min12 Jul 2025 05:08 GMT, 14 min12 Jul 2025 07:10 GMT, 14 min12 Jul 2025 09:14 GMT, 16 min12 Jul 2025 11:12 GMT, 14 min12 Jul 2025 13:12 GMT, 14 min12 Jul 2025 15:08 GMT, 16 min12 Jul 2025 17:10 GMT, 14 min20 Jul 2025 09:54 GMT, 18 min20 Jul 2025 10:18 GMT, 4 min31 Jul 2025 06:44 GMT, 10 min31 Jul 2025 07:14 GMT, 4 min4 Aug 2025 13:16 GMT, 4 min27 Aug 2025 12:38 GMT, 4 min3 Sep 2025 16:08 GMT, 4 min11 Sep 2025 17:46 GMT, 6 min14 Sep 2025 16:04 GMT, 82 min28 Sep 2025 08:22 GMT, 4 min3 Oct 2025 15:42 GMT, 10 min3 Oct 2025 15:58 GMT, 4 min3 Oct 2025 16:12 GMT, 4 min3 Oct 2025 22:14 GMT, 14 min3 Oct 2025 22:38 GMT, 14 min4 Oct 2025 05:04 GMT, 18 min4 Oct 2025 06:44 GMT, 6 min4 Oct 2025 07:28 GMT, 6 min4 Oct 2025 07:42 GMT, 10 min4 Oct 2025 08:46 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 08:56 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 09:10 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 09:20 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 09:28 GMT, 10 min4 Oct 2025 09:48 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 10:12 GMT, 10 min4 Oct 2025 10:50 GMT, 6 min4 Oct 2025 11:06 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 11:54 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 12:04 GMT, 8 min4 Oct 2025 12:18 GMT, 14 min4 Oct 2025 12:42 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 12:52 GMT, 4 min4 Oct 2025 13:16 GMT, 4 min23 Oct 2025 02:26 GMT, 24 min23 Oct 2025 03:00 GMT, 8 min23 Oct 2025 03:18 GMT, 6 min23 Oct 2025 04:22 GMT, 38 min23 Oct 2025 05:10 GMT, 4 min23 Oct 2025 05:24 GMT, 4 min24 Oct 2025 10:56 GMT, 4 min26 Oct 2025 23:08 GMT, 14 min26 Oct 2025 23:32 GMT, 10 min4 Nov 2025 19:26 GMT, 4 min4 Nov 2025 19:46 GMT, 4 min9 Nov 2025 22:44 GMT, 4 min10 Nov 2025 00:30 GMT, 38 min10 Nov 2025 02:26 GMT, 42 min10 Nov 2025 06:22 GMT, 18 min10 Nov 2025 14:24 GMT, 28 min14 Nov 2025 04:24 GMT, 34 min14 Nov 2025 05:08 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 06:06 GMT, 58 min14 Nov 2025 07:12 GMT, 10 min14 Nov 2025 07:28 GMT, 16.5 h15 Nov 2025 00:00 GMT, 16.8 h15 Nov 2025 17:12 GMT, 4 min19 Nov 2025 06:18 GMT, 38 min19 Nov 2025 07:06 GMT, 6 min19 Nov 2025 07:20 GMT, 6 min19 Nov 2025 07:36 GMT, 4 min22 Nov 2025 11:36 GMT, 4 min22 Nov 2025 11:50 GMT, 10 min22 Nov 2025 12:04 GMT, 68 min22 Nov 2025 13:16 GMT, 10 min22 Nov 2025 13:36 GMT, 10.4 h23 Nov 2025 00:00 GMT, 2.1 h23 Nov 2025 02:18 GMT, 58 min23 Nov 2025 03:34 GMT, 4 min23 Nov 2025 04:32 GMT, 4 min23 Nov 2025 06:22 GMT, 92 min23 Nov 2025 07:58 GMT, 14 min23 Nov 2025 08:18 GMT, 86 min23 Nov 2025 09:50 GMT, 14 min23 Nov 2025 10:08 GMT, 10 min23 Nov 2025 10:22 GMT, 78 min23 Nov 2025 11:54 GMT, 6 min23 Nov 2025 12:14 GMT, 62 min23 Nov 2025 13:50 GMT, 4 min23 Nov 2025 14:20 GMT, 42 min23 Nov 2025 16:24 GMT, 10 min23 Nov 2025 16:40 GMT, 4 min23 Nov 2025 16:48 GMT, 6 min23 Nov 2025 18:40 GMT, 4 min29 Nov 2025 08:24 GMT, 44 min29 Nov 2025 10:24 GMT, 16 min29 Nov 2025 10:44 GMT, 10 min29 Nov 2025 11:12 GMT, 10 min29 Nov 2025 11:32 GMT, 4 min29 Nov 2025 12:06 GMT, 10 min29 Nov 2025 12:20 GMT, 34 min29 Nov 2025 14:26 GMT, 24 min1 Dec 2025 21:44 GMT, 72 min2 Dec 2025 00:24 GMT, 14 min2 Dec 2025 00:44 GMT, 4 min2 Dec 2025 04:44 GMT, 6 min4 Dec 2025 12:24 GMT, 30 min4 Dec 2025 13:56 GMT, 6 min4 Dec 2025 14:06 GMT, 102 min4 Dec 2025 15:52 GMT, 10 min4 Dec 2025 16:06 GMT, 10 min4 Dec 2025 16:20 GMT, 3.3 h4 Dec 2025 19:44 GMT, 24 min4 Dec 2025 20:12 GMT, 82 min4 Dec 2025 21:38 GMT, 6 min4 Dec 2025 21:48 GMT, 6 min4 Dec 2025 21:58 GMT, 4 min4 Dec 2025 22:08 GMT, 4 min4 Dec 2025 22:18 GMT, 52 min4 Dec 2025 23:20 GMT, 4 min4 Dec 2025 23:34 GMT, 4 min4 Dec 2025 23:48 GMT, 10 min5 Dec 2025 00:02 GMT, 6 min5 Dec 2025 00:16 GMT, 44 min5 Dec 2025 01:04 GMT, 6 min5 Dec 2025 01:24 GMT, 4 min5 Dec 2025 02:08 GMT, 4 min5 Dec 2025 02:22 GMT, 38 min5 Dec 2025 03:10 GMT, 4 min5 Dec 2025 03:24 GMT, 4 min5 Dec 2025 03:38 GMT, 4 min5 Dec 2025 04:22 GMT, 32 min5 Dec 2025 06:20 GMT, 34 min5 Dec 2025 08:20 GMT, 34 min5 Dec 2025 10:20 GMT, 34 min5 Dec 2025 16:24 GMT, 24 min5 Dec 2025 18:24 GMT, 102 min5 Dec 2025 20:10 GMT, 68 min5 Dec 2025 21:22 GMT, 2.4 h5 Dec 2025 23:56 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 00:00 GMT, 118 min6 Dec 2025 02:02 GMT, 110 min6 Dec 2025 03:58 GMT, 14 min6 Dec 2025 04:22 GMT, 78 min6 Dec 2025 05:54 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 06:04 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 06:12 GMT, 3.7 h6 Dec 2025 10:00 GMT, 14 min6 Dec 2025 10:18 GMT, 92 min6 Dec 2025 11:56 GMT, 8 min6 Dec 2025 12:20 GMT, 72 min6 Dec 2025 13:36 GMT, 6 min6 Dec 2025 13:46 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 14:06 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 14:20 GMT, 62 min6 Dec 2025 15:28 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 15:36 GMT, 6 min6 Dec 2025 15:56 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 16:10 GMT, 6 min6 Dec 2025 16:20 GMT, 44 min6 Dec 2025 17:28 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 17:42 GMT, 6 min6 Dec 2025 18:02 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 18:20 GMT, 44 min6 Dec 2025 19:14 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 19:28 GMT, 6 min6 Dec 2025 19:42 GMT, 6 min6 Dec 2025 20:16 GMT, 54 min6 Dec 2025 21:44 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 21:58 GMT, 4 min6 Dec 2025 22:22 GMT, 44 min7 Dec 2025 00:22 GMT, 34 min7 Dec 2025 02:56 GMT, 6 min7 Dec 2025 04:24 GMT, 28 min7 Dec 2025 06:18 GMT, 30 min7 Dec 2025 08:42 GMT, 24 min7 Dec 2025 10:24 GMT, 20 min7 Dec 2025 10:48 GMT, 14 min7 Dec 2025 12:24 GMT, 30 min7 Dec 2025 14:20 GMT, 54 min7 Dec 2025 15:18 GMT, 6 min7 Dec 2025 15:42 GMT, 6 min7 Dec 2025 16:20 GMT, 34 min7 Dec 2025 18:22 GMT, 48 min7 Dec 2025 19:58 GMT, 4 min7 Dec 2025 20:18 GMT, 32 min7 Dec 2025 21:06 GMT, 4 min7 Dec 2025 22:22 GMT, 40 min8 Dec 2025 00:28 GMT, 28 min8 Dec 2025 02:18 GMT, 30 min8 Dec 2025 04:24 GMT, 24 min8 Dec 2025 06:20 GMT, 28 min8 Dec 2025 08:20 GMT, 40 min8 Dec 2025 10:22 GMT, 32 min8 Dec 2025 12:22 GMT, 34 min8 Dec 2025 14:32 GMT, 10 min8 Dec 2025 14:46 GMT, 6 min8 Dec 2025 16:22 GMT, 30 min8 Dec 2025 18:28 GMT, 10 min8 Dec 2025 18:42 GMT, 6 min8 Dec 2025 20:24 GMT, 24 min8 Dec 2025 22:24 GMT, 24 min9 Dec 2025 00:24 GMT, 26 min9 Dec 2025 02:20 GMT, 34 min9 Dec 2025 04:12 GMT, 4 min9 Dec 2025 04:22 GMT, 3.9 h9 Dec 2025 08:22 GMT, 3 h9 Dec 2025 11:26 GMT, 14 min9 Dec 2025 11:44 GMT, 10 min9 Dec 2025 12:00 GMT, 2.2 h9 Dec 2025 14:14 GMT, 86 min9 Dec 2025 15:46 GMT, 4 min9 Dec 2025 15:56 GMT, 4 min9 Dec 2025 16:04 GMT, 6 min9 Dec 2025 16:14 GMT, 72 min9 Dec 2025 17:36 GMT, 10 min9 Dec 2025 17:56 GMT, 10 min9 Dec 2025 18:14 GMT, 68 min9 Dec 2025 19:28 GMT, 4 min9 Dec 2025 19:36 GMT, 6 min9 Dec 2025 19:52 GMT, 4 min9 Dec 2025 20:10 GMT, 6 min9 Dec 2025 20:20 GMT, 58 min9 Dec 2025 21:32 GMT, 6 min9 Dec 2025 21:48 GMT, 4 min9 Dec 2025 22:20 GMT, 40 min9 Dec 2025 23:14 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 00:16 GMT, 40 min10 Dec 2025 01:20 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 01:48 GMT, 4 min10 Dec 2025 02:22 GMT, 34 min10 Dec 2025 04:22 GMT, 38 min10 Dec 2025 06:18 GMT, 34 min10 Dec 2025 08:18 GMT, 34 min10 Dec 2025 10:24 GMT, 38 min10 Dec 2025 12:20 GMT, 34 min10 Dec 2025 14:26 GMT, 32 min10 Dec 2025 16:20 GMT, 30 min10 Dec 2025 18:22 GMT, 28 min10 Dec 2025 20:22 GMT, 28 min10 Dec 2025 22:18 GMT, 28 min11 Dec 2025 00:24 GMT, 24 min11 Dec 2025 02:28 GMT, 30 min11 Dec 2025 04:24 GMT, 30 min11 Dec 2025 06:26 GMT, 28 min11 Dec 2025 08:20 GMT, 30 min11 Dec 2025 10:16 GMT, 40 min11 Dec 2025 11:58 GMT, 4 min11 Dec 2025 12:36 GMT, 6 min14 Dec 2025 08:30 GMT, 14 min14 Dec 2025 20:24 GMT, 4 min15 Dec 2025 08:36 GMT, 6 min15 Dec 2025 22:26 GMT, 18 min16 Dec 2025 00:26 GMT, 24 min16 Dec 2025 08:24 GMT, 4 min16 Dec 2025 08:38 GMT, 20 min16 Dec 2025 09:02 GMT, 14 min16 Dec 2025 09:22 GMT, 4 min16 Dec 2025 10:20 GMT, 28 min16 Dec 2025 11:52 GMT, 4 min16 Dec 2025 12:24 GMT, 34 min17 Dec 2025 08:34 GMT, 4 min18 Dec 2025 10:40 GMT, 4 min18 Dec 2025 12:44 GMT, 11.3 h19 Dec 2025 00:00 GMT, 7.5 h19 Dec 2025 07:32 GMT, 6 min19 Dec 2025 07:42 GMT, 4 min19 Dec 2025 07:52 GMT, 34 min19 Dec 2025 08:30 GMT, 4.6 h19 Dec 2025 14:04 GMT, 4 min21 Dec 2025 20:22 GMT, 44 min

Hours spilling by month, 2025

050100150Jan 2025: 29 hours spillingJanFeb 2025: 1.7 hours spillingFebMar 2025: 0.0 hours spillingMarApr 2025: 0.0 hours spillingAprMay 2025: 0.3 hours spillingMayJun 2025: 1.4 hours spillingJunJul 2025: 17 hours spillingJulAug 2025: 0.1 hours spillingAugSep 2025: 1.6 hours spillingSepOct 2025: 4.8 hours spillingOctNov 2025: 63 hours spillingNovDec 2025: 106 hours spillingDec
Hours, measured by the event duration monitor.

Longest single spills

Started (GMT)OverflowDuration
6 Jan 2025, 02:42Benefield STW19.8 h
15 Nov 2025, 00:00Benefield STW16.8 h
14 Nov 2025, 07:28Benefield STW16.5 h
18 Dec 2025, 12:44Benefield STW11.3 h
22 Nov 2025, 13:36Benefield STW10.4 h

Estimated 2025 spill volume and pollution

Estimate, not a measurement. Monitors record how long an overflow spills, not how much. This calculator back-calculates a spill rate from the size of the works, using the Environment Agency's permit formulae, and multiplies it by published storm-sewage concentrations. How it works.

This works serves fewer than 2,000 people, or was not matched to a UWWTD report, so its size is not published. The population equivalent above is a placeholder of 1,000. Enter the population served if you know it.

Volume, central estimate3,843 m³range 1,531 – 9,649 m³
In litres3.8 millionrange 1.5 million – 9.6 million L
Olympic swimming pools1.5at 2,500 m³ each
Organic load, as people's raw sewage5,765person-days of untreated BOD

Assumed spill rate while spilling: 1.9 – 11.9 L/s (central 4.8 L/s), from a dry-weather flow of 1.9 L/s.

Pollutant releasedLowCentralHighConcentration used (low / typical / high)
BOD₅ (organic load) 61 kg346 kg1,930 kg 40 / 90 / 200 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range, Ellis & Jenkins 2005; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (both via botturi)
Suspended solids 161 kg1,633 kg6,957 kg 105 / 425 / 721 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (via botturi)
Ammonium-N 2.9 kg24 kg90 kg 1.9 / 6.3 / 9.3 mg/L
Low: Germany, Brombach 2005; typical/high: Paris range 3.3–9.3 midpoint and top, Gasperi 2012 (via botturi); no UK value found
Total phosphorus 1.8 kg10.0 kg52 kg 1.2 / 2.6 / 5.4 mg/L
Low/high: Paris, Gasperi 2012; typical: Slovakia (via botturi). UK figure of 10 mg/L treated as an outlier
E. coli 153.1 billion organisms3.8 trillion organisms96.5 trillion organisms 10,000 / 100,000 / 1.0 million per 100 mL
Median range at CSO and retention-tank outlets, Stott et al. 2018 (via botturi); typical = log midpoint

Low combines the low spill rate with low concentrations, and high combines high with high, so the true figure is very likely inside the range. Long spills become more diluted as they go on, so the central figure tends to overstate the load of long events. The calculator does not estimate the effect on the receiving water, which depends on river flow or tide at the time of the spill.

Benefield STW

Storm tank at sewage works (with treatment) · discharges to Benefield Brook

Spills 2025
58 (224 hours) · up 4% on 2024
Spills 2024
56 (309 hours)
Long-term average
71.8 spills a year (monitored since 2021)
Monitor uptime
100% of the year
High-spill reason (company)
Performance - Asset configuration (e.g. PS/rising main/storm tanks)
Investigation
Env Act (SODRP) investigation ongoing, Operational investigation completed
Improvement
Operational improvement ongoing
Treatment
Reed bed
WFD catchment
Glapthorn Brook (GB105032045250)
Outlet location
SP9960089450 (OS grid reference) · View on Apple Maps
EA ID / permit
AWS00076 · AW5NF5217

How the estimate works

  1. Dry-weather flow (DWF) = population × water use per person × (1 + infiltration). Water use is 136.5 L per person per day, England's per-capita consumption for 2024–25 [EA]. Infiltration of groundwater into sewers is taken as 0–40% of that flow [Escritt, via HBF]. The Environment Agency defines DWF as PG + I + E [EA].
  2. Population. The size of each works comes from the load entering it as reported under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in population equivalents (1 p.e. = 60 g of BOD a day) [UWWTD]. We treat population equivalent as population. That overstates flow where trade effluent adds load, and no official source links the two. Works serving fewer than 2,000 p.e. are not reported, so their size has to be entered by hand.
  3. Low spill rate = DWF. This is the method used by Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), which they note likely underestimates storm loads [G&V].
  4. High spill rate = Formula A − flow to full treatment = (DWF + 1360P) − 3DWF. This is the largest flow the permit expects the storm tanks to handle before it passes on to treatment or overflows [EA]. The central rate is the geometric mean of the low and high rates.
  5. Volume = spill rate × hours spilling, with hours taken from the event duration monitor.
  6. Pollution = volume × published storm-sewage concentrations [Botturi et al.] [US EPA]. Organic load is also shown as person-days of untreated sewage at 60 g of BOD per person per day [UWWTD].

What this cannot tell you. It gives no real flow for any single spill, and no effect on the river or sea, which depends on the flow, tide and the other pressures on the water at the time. It gives no figure for spills from overflows on the sewer network, which serve catchments of unknown size. It is a way to put hours into rough physical terms, not a substitute for flow monitoring.

Sources

  1. EA: Water companies – environmental permits for storm overflows and emergency overflows
  2. EA: Water resources 2024 to 2025 – per capita consumption
  3. HBF: Foul sewer design – historic conventions (citing Escritt 1984 on infiltration)
  4. Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., doi:10.1039/D5EW00860C
  5. Botturi et al. (2021), Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51:1585 – CSO quality review, Table 2
  6. US EPA (2004) Report to Congress on CSOs and SSOs, chapter 4
  7. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, Article 2(6): 1 p.e. = 60 g BOD5/day
  8. Olympic-size swimming pool: 2,500 m³ at the nominal 2 m depth

← All Anglian Water works · Contains Environment Agency data licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Spill start and stop times: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. They are water-company data and have not been verified by the Environment Agency. Works size: EEA Waterbase UWWTD. How to read the data.