Storm overflow register · Severn Trent Water

Armitage sewage works: storm overflow spills 2025

Armitage sewage treatment works, run by Severn Trent Water, has 1 monitored storm overflow discharging to Shropshire Brook. In 2025 it recorded 14 spills totalling 57 hours, against 49 spills and 230 hours in 2024. By hours spilling, it ranks 311 of 435 Severn Trent Water works, where 1 spilled longest.

Works size: 6,752 population equivalent (ARMITAGE STW, UWWTD 2018). Used for the spill volume estimate.

Every spill in 2025

Each blue mark is one spill, placed by when it started and sized by how long it lasted. Hover over a mark for the date and duration.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecArmitage Sewage…5 Jan 2025 19:19 GMT, 2 min5 Jan 2025 19:33 GMT, 1 min5 Jan 2025 21:05 GMT, 46 min5 Jan 2025 21:52 GMT, 18 min5 Jan 2025 22:12 GMT, 11 min5 Jan 2025 22:26 GMT, 18 min5 Jan 2025 22:44 GMT, 4 min5 Jan 2025 22:48 GMT, 39 min5 Jan 2025 23:28 GMT, 31 min6 Jan 2025 00:00 GMT, 9 min6 Jan 2025 00:10 GMT, 26 min6 Jan 2025 00:39 GMT, 30 min6 Jan 2025 01:10 GMT, 13 min6 Jan 2025 01:25 GMT, 7 min6 Jan 2025 01:35 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 01:43 GMT, 7 min6 Jan 2025 01:53 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 02:00 GMT, 45 min6 Jan 2025 02:46 GMT, 19 min6 Jan 2025 03:06 GMT, 24 min6 Jan 2025 03:32 GMT, 53 min6 Jan 2025 04:28 GMT, 12 min6 Jan 2025 04:40 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 04:46 GMT, 19 min6 Jan 2025 05:07 GMT, 20 min6 Jan 2025 05:28 GMT, 29 min6 Jan 2025 05:58 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 06:02 GMT, 48 min6 Jan 2025 06:50 GMT, 13 min6 Jan 2025 07:06 GMT, 22 min6 Jan 2025 07:28 GMT, 11 min6 Jan 2025 07:40 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 07:46 GMT, 7 min6 Jan 2025 07:55 GMT, 65 min6 Jan 2025 09:00 GMT, 13 min6 Jan 2025 09:14 GMT, 21 min6 Jan 2025 09:36 GMT, 13 min6 Jan 2025 09:52 GMT, 41 min6 Jan 2025 10:34 GMT, 7 min6 Jan 2025 10:43 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 10:48 GMT, 11 min6 Jan 2025 11:00 GMT, 25 min6 Jan 2025 11:26 GMT, 16 min6 Jan 2025 11:45 GMT, 22 min6 Jan 2025 12:08 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 12:17 GMT, 24 min6 Jan 2025 12:47 GMT, 7 min6 Jan 2025 12:54 GMT, 16 min6 Jan 2025 13:10 GMT, 11 min6 Jan 2025 13:23 GMT, 15 min6 Jan 2025 13:45 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 13:48 GMT, 13 min6 Jan 2025 14:02 GMT, 18 min6 Jan 2025 14:20 GMT, 42 min6 Jan 2025 15:05 GMT, 39 min6 Jan 2025 15:48 GMT, 16 min6 Jan 2025 16:07 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 16:14 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 16:20 GMT, 9 min6 Jan 2025 16:30 GMT, 8 min6 Jan 2025 16:42 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 16:50 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 16:57 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 17:09 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 17:14 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 17:20 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 17:24 GMT, 11 min6 Jan 2025 17:36 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 17:51 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 18:01 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 18:06 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 18:14 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 18:24 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 18:28 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 18:34 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 18:42 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 18:49 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 18:56 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 19:02 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 19:06 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 19:10 GMT, 14 min6 Jan 2025 19:26 GMT, 9 min6 Jan 2025 19:36 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 19:40 GMT, 13 min6 Jan 2025 19:54 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 20:00 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 20:09 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 20:16 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 20:22 GMT, 6 min6 Jan 2025 20:34 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 20:43 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 20:47 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 20:52 GMT, 8 min6 Jan 2025 21:04 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 21:14 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 21:21 GMT, 5 min6 Jan 2025 21:26 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 21:32 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 21:39 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 21:43 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 21:49 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 21:54 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 22:00 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 22:05 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 22:10 GMT, 4 min6 Jan 2025 22:17 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 22:27 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 22:32 GMT, 3 min6 Jan 2025 22:43 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 22:54 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 23:05 GMT, 1 min6 Jan 2025 23:08 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 23:18 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 23:25 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 23:35 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 23:41 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 23:51 GMT, 2 min6 Jan 2025 23:57 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 00:08 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 00:19 GMT, 3 min7 Jan 2025 00:25 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 01:17 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 02:01 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 02:09 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 02:37 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 06:53 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 07:05 GMT, 3 min7 Jan 2025 07:11 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 07:29 GMT, 3 min7 Jan 2025 07:34 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 07:51 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 07:57 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 08:01 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 08:19 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 08:25 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 08:31 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 08:37 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 08:43 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 09:17 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 09:23 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 09:28 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 09:35 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 09:58 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 10:05 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 10:16 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 10:23 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 10:35 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 10:53 GMT, 2 min7 Jan 2025 11:07 GMT, 1 min7 Jan 2025 11:25 GMT, 1 min28 May 2025 14:47 GMT, 1 min28 May 2025 14:52 GMT, 3 min3 Sep 2025 13:38 GMT, 3 min3 Sep 2025 13:54 GMT, 2 min3 Sep 2025 14:05 GMT, 51 min3 Sep 2025 15:07 GMT, 90 min4 Sep 2025 12:36 GMT, 24 min4 Sep 2025 13:02 GMT, 4 min4 Sep 2025 13:08 GMT, 4 min4 Sep 2025 13:14 GMT, 11 min4 Sep 2025 13:26 GMT, 4 min14 Sep 2025 18:30 GMT, 5 min14 Sep 2025 18:36 GMT, 82 min14 Sep 2025 20:01 GMT, 11 min14 Sep 2025 20:38 GMT, 5 min19 Oct 2025 20:44 GMT, 2.1 h4 Nov 2025 20:43 GMT, 6 min4 Nov 2025 20:50 GMT, 3 min4 Nov 2025 20:54 GMT, 7 min4 Nov 2025 21:02 GMT, 3 min10 Nov 2025 14:16 GMT, 107 min10 Nov 2025 16:07 GMT, 2 min10 Nov 2025 16:16 GMT, 2 min10 Nov 2025 16:31 GMT, 1 min14 Nov 2025 08:44 GMT, 12 min14 Nov 2025 08:59 GMT, 6 min14 Nov 2025 09:06 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 09:10 GMT, 5 min14 Nov 2025 09:17 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 09:23 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 09:29 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 09:34 GMT, 6 min14 Nov 2025 09:42 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 09:46 GMT, 7 min14 Nov 2025 09:54 GMT, 9 min14 Nov 2025 10:04 GMT, 7 min14 Nov 2025 10:12 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 10:18 GMT, 9 min14 Nov 2025 10:28 GMT, 5 min14 Nov 2025 10:35 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 10:41 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 10:47 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 10:51 GMT, 13 min14 Nov 2025 11:06 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 11:18 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 11:23 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 11:29 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 11:35 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 11:41 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 11:46 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 11:52 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 12:03 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 12:09 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 12:14 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 12:19 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 12:25 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 12:30 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 12:41 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 12:47 GMT, 8 min14 Nov 2025 12:56 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 13:00 GMT, 8 min14 Nov 2025 13:10 GMT, 14 min14 Nov 2025 13:27 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 13:30 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 13:36 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 13:42 GMT, 3 min14 Nov 2025 13:46 GMT, 5 min14 Nov 2025 13:52 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 13:58 GMT, 8 min14 Nov 2025 14:09 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 14:15 GMT, 8 min14 Nov 2025 14:24 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 14:31 GMT, 2 min14 Nov 2025 14:37 GMT, 4 min14 Nov 2025 14:42 GMT, 11.9 h15 Nov 2025 02:38 GMT, 6 min15 Nov 2025 02:46 GMT, 2 h15 Nov 2025 04:49 GMT, 8 min15 Nov 2025 04:58 GMT, 4 min15 Nov 2025 05:05 GMT, 9 min15 Nov 2025 05:17 GMT, 4 min15 Nov 2025 05:22 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 05:29 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 05:33 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 05:39 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 05:44 GMT, 8 min15 Nov 2025 06:00 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 06:06 GMT, 4 min15 Nov 2025 06:12 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 06:23 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 06:28 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 06:34 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 06:40 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 06:46 GMT, 4 min15 Nov 2025 06:52 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 06:59 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 07:05 GMT, 1 min15 Nov 2025 07:39 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 07:45 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 07:50 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 07:56 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 08:03 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 08:07 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 08:12 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 08:31 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 08:35 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 08:40 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 08:57 GMT, 4 min15 Nov 2025 09:02 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 09:07 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 09:13 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 09:19 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 09:24 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 09:30 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 09:35 GMT, 9 min15 Nov 2025 09:46 GMT, 9 min15 Nov 2025 09:58 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 10:03 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 10:21 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 10:27 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 10:31 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 10:36 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 10:43 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 10:48 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 10:55 GMT, 1 min15 Nov 2025 10:59 GMT, 3 min15 Nov 2025 11:05 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 11:11 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 11:19 GMT, 1 min15 Nov 2025 11:24 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 11:29 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 11:35 GMT, 1 min15 Nov 2025 11:55 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 12:09 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 12:22 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 13:15 GMT, 2 min15 Nov 2025 13:35 GMT, 1 min29 Nov 2025 12:07 GMT, 1 min29 Nov 2025 12:16 GMT, 3 min29 Nov 2025 12:23 GMT, 2 min29 Nov 2025 12:26 GMT, 4 min29 Nov 2025 12:33 GMT, 2 min29 Nov 2025 12:39 GMT, 2 min29 Nov 2025 12:43 GMT, 2 min29 Nov 2025 12:49 GMT, 2 min29 Nov 2025 12:57 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 15:18 GMT, 80 min18 Dec 2025 16:41 GMT, 10 min18 Dec 2025 16:53 GMT, 4 min18 Dec 2025 16:59 GMT, 49 min18 Dec 2025 17:48 GMT, 13 min18 Dec 2025 18:03 GMT, 12 min18 Dec 2025 18:17 GMT, 4 min18 Dec 2025 18:22 GMT, 9 min18 Dec 2025 18:32 GMT, 4 min18 Dec 2025 18:38 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 18:43 GMT, 1 min18 Dec 2025 18:48 GMT, 4 min18 Dec 2025 18:54 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 18:58 GMT, 4 min18 Dec 2025 19:05 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 19:11 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 19:16 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 19:22 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 19:29 GMT, 1 min18 Dec 2025 19:33 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 19:38 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 19:43 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 19:49 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 19:54 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 20:01 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 20:07 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 20:17 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 20:22 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 20:35 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 20:41 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 20:57 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 21:01 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 21:07 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 21:11 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 21:16 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 21:21 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 21:26 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 21:32 GMT, 3 min18 Dec 2025 21:39 GMT, 1 min18 Dec 2025 21:50 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 22:03 GMT, 2 min18 Dec 2025 22:09 GMT, 1 min18 Dec 2025 22:15 GMT, 1 min18 Dec 2025 22:27 GMT, 1 min18 Dec 2025 22:35 GMT, 2 min

Estimated spill volume by month, 2025

Hours spilling each month × the estimated spill rate for a works of this size. The bars are central estimates and the whiskers show the low–high range. Method.

02,0004,0006,0008,000Jan 2025: 23 h spilling ≈ 2,626 m³ (range 1,046–6,593 m³)JanFeb 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)FebMar 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)MarApr 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)AprMay 2025: 0.1 h spilling ≈ 12 m³ (range 4.6–29 m³)MayJun 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)JunJul 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)JulAug 2025: 0.0 h spilling ≈ 0.0 m³ (range 0.0–0.0 m³)AugSep 2025: 4.9 h spilling ≈ 567 m³ (range 226–1,423 m³)SepOct 2025: 2.0 h spilling ≈ 231 m³ (range 92–581 m³)OctNov 2025: 23 h spilling ≈ 2,684 m³ (range 1,069–6,738 m³)NovDec 2025: 4.4 h spilling ≈ 509 m³ (range 203–1,278 m³)Dec
Cubic metres (m³), estimate. Hours are measured by the event duration monitor.

Longest single spills

Started (GMT)OverflowDurationEstimated volume
14 Nov 2025, 14:42Armitage Sewage Treatment Works11.9 h548 – 3,456 m³
19 Oct 2025, 20:44Armitage Sewage Treatment Works2.1 h94 – 595 m³
15 Nov 2025, 02:46Armitage Sewage Treatment Works2.0 h92 – 581 m³
10 Nov 2025, 14:16Armitage Sewage Treatment Works1.8 h82 – 518 m³
3 Sep 2025, 15:07Armitage Sewage Treatment Works1.5 h69 – 436 m³

Estimated 2025 spill volume and pollution

Estimate, not a measurement. Monitors record how long an overflow spills, not how much. This calculator back-calculates a spill rate from the size of the works, using the Environment Agency's permit formulae, and multiplies it by published storm-sewage concentrations. How it works.

Volume, central estimate6,641 m³range 2,645 – 16,672 m³
In litres6.6 millionrange 2.6 million – 16.7 million L
Olympic swimming pools2.7at 2,500 m³ each
Organic load, as people's raw sewage9,961person-days of untreated BOD

Assumed spill rate while spilling: 12.8 – 80.7 L/s (central 32.1 L/s), from a dry-weather flow of 12.8 L/s.

Pollutant releasedLowCentralHighConcentration used (low / typical / high)
BOD₅ (organic load) 106 kg598 kg3,334 kg 40 / 90 / 200 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range, Ellis & Jenkins 2005; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (both via botturi)
Suspended solids 278 kg2,822 kg12,020 kg 105 / 425 / 721 mg/L
Low/high: Europe range; typical: UK, Ellis & Jenkins 2005 (via botturi)
Ammonium-N 5.0 kg42 kg155 kg 1.9 / 6.3 / 9.3 mg/L
Low: Germany, Brombach 2005; typical/high: Paris range 3.3–9.3 midpoint and top, Gasperi 2012 (via botturi); no UK value found
Total phosphorus 3.2 kg17 kg90 kg 1.2 / 2.6 / 5.4 mg/L
Low/high: Paris, Gasperi 2012; typical: Slovakia (via botturi). UK figure of 10 mg/L treated as an outlier
E. coli 264.5 billion organisms6.6 trillion organisms166.7 trillion organisms 10,000 / 100,000 / 1.0 million per 100 mL
Median range at CSO and retention-tank outlets, Stott et al. 2018 (via botturi); typical = log midpoint

Low combines the low spill rate with low concentrations, and high combines high with high, so the true figure is very likely inside the range. Long spills become more diluted as they go on, so the central figure tends to overstate the load of long events. The calculator does not estimate the effect on the receiving water, which depends on river flow or tide at the time of the spill.

Armitage Sewage Treatment Works

Storm tank at sewage works · discharges to Shropshire Brook

Spills 2025
14 (57 hours) · down 71% on 2024
Spills 2024
49 (230 hours)
Long-term average
30.2 spills a year (monitored since 2020)
Monitor uptime
100% of the year
Investigation
Env Act (SODRP) investigation ongoing, UWWTR investigation ongoing, Operational investigation completed
Improvement
Operational improvement completed
WFD catchment
Shropshire Bk (GB104028047260)
Outlet location
SK0883816241 (OS grid reference) · View on Apple Maps
EA ID / permit
SVT00106 · T/05/36081/R · company name: ARMITAGE STW (SSTO)

How the estimate works

  1. Dry-weather flow (DWF) = population × water use per person × (1 + infiltration). Water use is 136.5 L per person per day, England's per-capita consumption for 2024–25 [EA]. Infiltration of groundwater into sewers is taken as 0–40% of that flow [Escritt, via HBF]. The Environment Agency defines DWF as PG + I + E [EA].
  2. Population. The size of each works comes from the load entering it as reported under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in population equivalents (1 p.e. = 60 g of BOD a day) [UWWTD]. We treat population equivalent as population. That overstates flow where trade effluent adds load, and no official source links the two. Works serving fewer than 2,000 p.e. are not reported, so their size has to be entered by hand.
  3. Low spill rate = DWF. This is the method used by Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), which they note likely underestimates storm loads [G&V].
  4. High spill rate = Formula A − flow to full treatment = (DWF + 1360P) − 3DWF. This is the largest flow the permit expects the storm tanks to handle before it passes on to treatment or overflows [EA]. The central rate is the geometric mean of the low and high rates.
  5. Volume = spill rate × hours spilling, with hours taken from the event duration monitor.
  6. Pollution = volume × published storm-sewage concentrations [Botturi et al.] [US EPA]. Organic load is also shown as person-days of untreated sewage at 60 g of BOD per person per day [UWWTD].

What this cannot tell you. It gives no real flow for any single spill, and no effect on the river or sea, which depends on the flow, tide and the other pressures on the water at the time. It gives no figure for spills from overflows on the sewer network, which serve catchments of unknown size. It is a way to put hours into rough physical terms, not a substitute for flow monitoring.

Sources

  1. EA: Water companies – environmental permits for storm overflows and emergency overflows
  2. EA: Water resources 2024 to 2025 – per capita consumption
  3. HBF: Foul sewer design – historic conventions (citing Escritt 1984 on infiltration)
  4. Giakoumis & Voulvoulis (2026), Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., doi:10.1039/D5EW00860C
  5. Botturi et al. (2021), Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51:1585 – CSO quality review, Table 2
  6. US EPA (2004) Report to Congress on CSOs and SSOs, chapter 4
  7. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, Article 2(6): 1 p.e. = 60 g BOD5/day
  8. Olympic-size swimming pool: 2,500 m³ at the nominal 2 m depth

← All Severn Trent Water works · Contains Environment Agency data licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Spill start and stop times: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. They are water-company data and have not been verified by the Environment Agency. Works size: EEA Waterbase UWWTD. How to read the data.